Propionibacterium species are gram-positive anaerobic bacilli. These species are part of the normal flora of human skin and mucosal surfaces such as oral cavity, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and they usually not pathogenic (1) (2) (3). However, Propionibacterium acnes plays a major role in the development of acne. It could be the most common cause of inflammatory skin conditions acne vulgaris which is most common dermatological disorders seen by dermatologists (4) (5). Acne vulgaris is a disease in which affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin and can result in inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesions (6). It affects all ages but it is mostly associated with puberty with incidence peaking at 18 years of age …show more content…
It can be treated topically or systemically. Other treatment options include the use of natural drugs (6). Antibiotics are frequently used to treat acne patients. Long course regimens of antibiotics can be prescribed to treat acne, which can reach 6-9 months. Most antibiotics prescribed for acne treatment are: clindamycin, macrolides (e.g. erythromycin) and tetracyclines (5). However, increasing resistance have made acne treatment challenging. The incidence of P. acnes antibiotic resistance increased from 20% in 1978 to 72.5% in 1995 (8). Widespread resistance has become a major dermatological issue (9) common prescribing antibiotics in dermatology clinics can be the major cause of the antibiotic resistance due to significant selection pressure on bacteria (10). Some studies has showed a relationship between antibiotic use and the development of resistance to P. acnes in patients treated in general practice. In addition to that , it has showed cross resistance between macrolides/lincosamides and tetracyclines. Other study has suggested that the rate of resistance increases as the duration of antibiotic consumption increases (12). So, our study aims to o identify the cause of the decreased susceptibility of propinobacterium acne to the commonly prescribed antibiotics and to evaluate the current use of antibiotics in treating
Acne, acne vulgaris as it is scientifically known is a disease of the hair follicle on the face, back, and chest or where ever the acne is found. Acne is usually common among teens during puberty. At puberty sebaceous glands attached to the hair follicles are stimulated by circulating male hormones. As the stimulated sebaceous glands increase oil production it predisposes the skin cell to plug the follicular pore. Usually the plug appears as a whitehead that is if it is covered by a layer of skin that is thin. As this process goes on with time the follicle enlarges and may cause the wall to rapture allowing normal skin bacteria and other irritating substances to have access to deep layers of the skin and eventually causing inflammation near the surface of the skin. The inflammation results in a pustule. Deeper inflammation produces a papule which is a pimple. If the inflammation goes very deep it can cause a cyst. Blackhead is not dirt. Blackhead is a mild acne type that has a dark or black surface due to oxidized oil. Pimple is also an acne type which has a
Acne is so common a skin disease that affects over 80 percent of mostly teenagers. Most doctors are very familiar with this chronic skin disease.
Sebaceous glands have the duty to expel the extra oil in the skin. Still, every now and then, they’ll get clogged from too much oil, resulting in acne, pimples and numerous other skin problems. One commonly seen condition that affects adolescents is acne vulgaris.
Acne is an integumentary disorder that produces a variety of blemishes on the skin, such as blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. This disorder is contracted from excess sebum secretion (Shier et al., 2013). To further illustrate, “before puberty, adrenal glands increase production of androgen, which stimulates increased secretion of sebum” (Shier et al., 2013). Therefore, during puberty, there is an excess amount of sebum which forms acne on the skin, because acne is produced when “the sebaceous glands are extra responsive to androgens”(Shier et al., 2013). Although acne is the most common skin disease, it is not contagious. This integumentary disorder is treated by numerous different types of medications depending on the severity of the acne.
A common misconception is acne only happens during adolescence years and once you become an adult, pimples begins to
Acne vulgaris is a skin condition that is caused by hormone changes that cause our bodies to secrete more oil that then mixes with dead cells at the epidermis layer and clogs our pores. This is a condition that mostly affects teens but can also be seen on newborn babies as well as older people. It is commonly called ACNE.
A group investigating the effects of normal flora on the pathogenesis of Propionibacterium acnes on the surface of the skin will characterize this microenvironment and describe evidence showing: (1) need for a new treatment for acne; (2) reduced population of P. acnes by normal flora will prevent future breakouts; (3) potential for normal flora to compete with P. acnes; (4) mechanisms by which recolonization will be possible; (5) production of a topical agent will allow for recolonization to occur; (6) other important factors relative to the proposal.
Acinetobacter is a group of bacteria frequently found in soil and water. It is aerobic meaning that it needs air to survive. Currently, there are more than twenty five species of Acinetobacter and seven have received formal species names. Four of the seven species of this bacteria are very difficult to distinguish from each other by tests alone, so scientists created a group of the four. This group A. calcoaceticus- A. baumannii is the cause of 80% of clinical infections. These infections rarely occur outside of health care settings. There are not many treatments for Acinetobacter since it can be medicine resistant. One treatment is Sulbactam which is a natural bacteria killer. It is very efficient and nine out of ten patients clinically improved when using sulbactam every six to eight hours.
One can see how certain food may cause a more noticeable breakout of acne due how much they alter a person’s blood sugar levels and insulin levels. At the same time, one finding cannot simply be applied to all individuals as every person is different. I believe that this article could be especially important to those who suffer with acne vulgaris as it would help give them a better understanding of the effects some foods may have on the. Acne does not only have an effect physically on individuals, but it also affects them emotionally. There are many treatment options for people with acne ranging from very basic over the counter topical treatments to more invasive and intense treatments such as Isotretinoin. Along with medications that can be prescribed, the first thing that any one person can do to help possibly reduce their acne is change their diet, or avoid foods that would increase their likelihood of an increased breakout. There is much research going into whether diet truly does have an effect, but more and more information is being collected to support this hypothesis. I do not believe that food causes acne vulgaris; however, I strongly believe that it can worsen the effects of already existent acne by such ways as increasing oil production of sebaceous glands in our
Despite pimples being largely associated with adolescents, some people may experience it at a much older age. This can largely affect one’s self-esteem as they are a visible reminder of how much your skin is flawed.
If you are between the ages of ten and fourth then starting a anti aging skin care regiment will provide you with the best results if you begin now. People aged between ten and forty are usually most affected by acne, which manifests itself as congested pores, black and whiteheads, pimples, papules, pustules as well as cysts, nodules, or rosacea. There are a number of anti aging acne skin care products available that can effectively treat the condition if you start early enough.
Many adults have problems with acne, and this comes as an addition to other concerns that come once with the age, such as wrinkles and fine lines. However, it is important to know that there are treatments that can help you fight these issues, thus allowing you to benefit from a younger looking
A clinical situation was presented to the Microbiology class at city college of San Francisco to be ran along the medical team at Zuckerberg San Francisco general hospital. There are approximately 40 patients that are presenting with a visible skin infection, and all have similar (If not exact) manifestations of symptoms. The patients do not seem to be responding to the current antimicrobial therapy that has been prescribed by the doctors. The team is now getting ready to discuss further treatment plans to provide the patients with further information.
Acne Vulgaris, otherwise understood as the medical name of acne, is a well-known chronic disorder
The goal of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is to predict the success or failure of antibiotic therapy. Tests are performed and measure the growth response of an isolated organism to a selected drug or medicine. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing ought to be combined with clinical information and skill once choosing the foremost appropriate antibiotic. There are many factors to think about in selecting an appropriate antibiotic for treatment of a bacterial infection. The foremost basic of those is whether the causative organism is prone to a selected antibiotic, and the way much of that antibiotic are necessary to inhibit or kill the organism. Whereas we tend to do