Resistance Of Movement Of The Cell

Osmosis is described in one of three ways when comparing more than one solution. The cell’s external and internal environment helps determine tonicity, which is defined as how the cell reacts to its environment. When the cell’s environment is equal in osmolarity to itself and there is no change, it is considered an isotonic solution. When the environment has a higher osmolarity, shrinkage occurs and it is considered a hypertonic solution. When the environment has a lower osmolarity, swellings occurs and it is considered hypotonic.

A concentration gradient is the difference between the concentration on the inside of the membrane and the concentration of the outside. This indicates that there is a high-water concentration in one area and a lower water concentration in another. Similarly, osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a higher to lower concentration. The data above contains a hypertonic solution as there was a decrease in mass for potato pieces 1, 2, 3 and 4 from its original mass. The decrease in mass was a result of the concentration gradient as there was a difference in concentration of solute from the inside to the outside of the cell wall. In an hypertonic solution, the concentration of all dissolved solute is greater than the concentration in the cell. Since, water has a higher concentration within the cell, there is a net movement of water out of the cell. Leaving the cell through the process of osmosis and down its concentration gradient. However, water moves from a lower to a higher solute concentration.

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion. It is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane (a membrane that allows for the diffusion of certain solutes and water) from an area of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration. For example, if a 1 M aqueous starch solution is separated from a .5 M aqueous starch solution by a semi-permeable membrane, then water molecules will move from the .5 M aqueous starch solution (higher water molecule concentration) toward the more concentrated 1M starch solution (lower water molecule concentration) until an equilibrium of water molecules exists between the two solutions. Since the semi-permeable membrane did not allow for the passage of starch molecules, the 1M-starch solution will gain in volume as the water moves in (Figure 3).

The diffusion across a cell membrane is a process of passive and spontaneous net movement of small lipophilic molecules. The molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentrated region along the concentration gradient. The result being a point of equilibrium, this is where a random molecular motion continues but there is no longer any net movement. However, there are things that can affect the rate of diffusion, these being temperature, surface area, concentration, size of the molecule, permeability, diffusion distance and concentration difference. Osmosis is a type of diffusion as it is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration. Equilibrium is reached when the solute concentration is equal on both sides. Water potential is measured in kiloPascals, it is the measuring of the concentration of free water molecules that are able to diffuse compared to pure water, which is 0 kilopascals. It is a measure of the tendency of free water molecules to diffuse from one place to another. The result being, the more free water molecules, the higher the Water Potential. However, Water potential is affected by two factors: pressure and the amount of solute.

Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane. This occurs in situations such as the movement through a cell wall, it allows smaller molecules through but not bigger molecules. The molecules will diffuse until the area where the molecules are reach equilibrium.

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion. It is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane which is a membrane that is freely permeable to water but is not freely permeable to solutes, the water moves from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (Karp, 2010). Both diffusion and osmosis are passive transport, energy is not used in the transport. In osmosis water moves across a membrane toward the solution of greater concentration, because the concentration of water is lower there (Martini and Bartholomew., 2007).

Both parts of this case study exemplify osmosis, which is a form a diffusion. Diffusion is when the particles of a given substance, inside and outside of any cell, move back and forth across the cell membrane. The majority of cells move from high concentration to lower concentration (Nave). Osmosis is unique because it specifically describes the diffusion of free water molecules.

First you must define what diffusion is, diffusion is when molecules in a solute spread from high concentrated areas into lower concentrated areas, without outside forces acting upon it. Diffusion is affected by molecular kinetic energy, diffusion can also occur in all three states of matter. Now you must define osmosis, osmosis is similar to diffusion but is when water molecules pass through a semi permeable from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution. In cells osmosis is not only affected by the concentration of the solute but also by the resistance of the water movement. The words hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic are used to describe the different concentrations in these membranes. .A hypertonic solution has

Osmosis is a slow passive transport process, by which of water from a lower solute concentrated environment to a greater solute concentrated environment through a semipermeable membrane. The solute is the substance that dissolves in water, such as sugar, or salt (Dalton, 2016). The total concentration of solute in a solution is described as tonicity. According to Khan Academy, there are 3 kinds of tonicity that solution a solution can have (Osmosis and Tonicity, 2016). The first one is isotonic, which is when the extracellular fluid has the same solute concentration as the cell, and thus there will be no net move of water in or out of the cell. When the cell has less solute concentration than the extracellular fluid, the extracellular fluid is described as hypertonic relatively to the cell, and the net flow of

A selectively permeable membrane is a flexible boundary that only allows certain substances in and out of the cell. There are three different types of osmosis including isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. Isotonic osmosis is when a cell in a solution that neither gains nor loses water. The water and molecules in the solution go inside and outside of the cell at the same rate. Hypotonic osmosis is when the solute concentration is higher inside the cell. Water diffuses into the cell and causes the cell to blow up or swell. Water is going into the cell at a faster rate than it is going out. Hypertonic osmosis is when the solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside the cell. Water diffuses out of the cell and it causes the cell to shrink or shrivel up (Gale,

97). The direction of the water molecules in the cell depends on what the solute concentration are inside and outside of the cell, and can be determined as a hypertonic, hypotonic, or a isotonic solution (Postlethwait, Hopson, 2009, p. 98). A hypertonic solution is when the outside of the cell has a higher solute concentration than the inside of the cell. This means that the solutions will flow from outside the cell to the inside of the cell for equilibrium to be present (Postlethwait, Hopson, 2009, p. 98). A hypotonic solution is then the outside of the cell has a lower solute concentration than inside of the cell. With the solution outside of the cell lower, the solution will flow from inside of the cell to outside to be in a state of equilibrium (Postlethwait, Hopson, 2009, p. 98). An isotonic solution is when both the solute concentrations outside and inside of the cell are

The cell membrane’s function is to control what goes in and out of the cell. The membrane isolates the area of cytoplasm from the external environment and regulates the exchange of entering and exiting molecules. Cell membranes communicate with other organelles to function properly.(Muskopf). A quality of the membrane is that it is selectively permeable. This means that certain substances may pass through the membrane more easily than others. The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins.(Feldkamp, page 73). Another characteristic of the cell membrane is the idea of passive transport. Passive transport is when certain substances inside of the cell can move throughout the membrane without the use of the cells

When the membrane prevents the particles to pass through, only water will travel by the process of osmosis, and causes a difference in volume of the compartments of the membranes on both sides (Elaine and Mitchell 2015). The process when a cell changes its shape due to a solution is called tonicity. It takes place in three different processes, which is isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic. In isotonic solution the solution has the same concentration of water, and solute is the same on the inside and out of the cell. Its shape stays the same, and does not takes in or gives out water at all.

(Marieb 2013) Osmosis, is a special kind of diffusion, is defined as the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a higher concentration to that of a lower concentration. The concentration of water is inversely related to the concentration of solutes. If the water can diffuse across the membrane, both water and solutes will move down their concentration gradients through the membrane. (Marieb 2012) There are three terms used to describe the concentrations of solute particles of different solutions: Hypotonic- When compared to another solution of different concentration, the solution contains the lower concentration of solute particles. Water moves across a semi-permeable membrane out of a hypotonic solution. Hypertonic- When compared to another solution of different concentration, the solution that contains the higher concentration of solute particles. Water moves across a semi-permeable membrane into a hypertonic solution. Isotonic-Having the same concentration of solute particles as another solution. There is no net flow of water across the membrane. In animal cells, the movement of water is affected by the relative solute concentration of the plasma membrane. As water moves out of the cell, the cell shrink and if water moves into the cell, the cell swells and may even burst.

In biology, I learned that cellular boundaries can be permeable. Initially, this concept was intriguing in and of itself, that cells can release and absorb information to perform necessary functions. The phrase “boundaries are permeable” has remained with me three years later.