Introduction The Common Earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, is a terrestrial invertebrate found abundantly across the United States. Physically, it has a red-brown color, can measure in length up to fourteen inches, and can weigh up to .39oz. The body of the earthworm is made up of ring-like segments, annuli, and covered in small bristles, setae, that help the worm to move and burrow (National Geographic, 2017). The earthworm uses peristaltic waves as its form of locomotion (Kuroda et al, 2014). Within the segments, the earthworm has two types of muscles, circular and longitudinal. The contraction of the circular muscles causes the segment to become shorter, while the contraction of the longitudinal muscles causes the segment to lengthen. The resulting pattern in all segments of the earthworm’s body causes it to move forward in a wave-like pattern, with one segment moving after another (Piearce, 1983). There are kinetics involved in the locomotion of earthworms that are directly related to its morphology. Research conducted by scientists from the zoological department at Cambridge University on the locomotory reflexes in the earthworm found that the tactile sense organs on the ventral surface of the earthworm affect the longitudinal contractions. Therefore, when an earthworm moves over an irregular surface, its tension reflexes are altered depending on the certain environment (Gray & Lissmann, 1938). Our research question is: How does the locomotion of an earthworm vary
In his essay Consider the Lobster, it’s apparent what David Foster Wallace is trying to tell his audience: we should really think about the lobster’s point of view before cooking and eating it. Wallace uses multiple rhetorical strategies to get his point across, including pathos and ethos. His essay is very good in how it gets its point across, and how it forces even the largest lobster consumers to truly contemplate how the lobster might react being boiled alive. It brings up many controversial topics of animal rights that many people tend to avoid, especially people who are major carnivores. Wallace’s use of rhetorical strategies really gets the reader thinking, and thoroughly captures the argument of many vegetarians against the consumption of animals. Wallace captures the use of pathos in his essay and uses it in a way that is incredibly convincing to the reader. For example, he compares the Maine Lobster Festival to how a Nebraska Beef Festival could be, stating, “at which part of the festivities is watching trucks pull up and the live cattle get driven down the ramp and slaughtered right there…” (Wallace 700). Playing off of people’s natural tendency to feel bad for the cattle, he shows that the killing of lobster is, in reality, no different than the killing of cattle, but we treat it much differently. We tend to think that lobsters are different because they are less human than cows are, and, maybe to make us feel better about our senseless killing of an animal,
The Jungle, being a persuasive novel in nature, is filled with different rhetorical devices or tools used by Sinclair to effectively convey his message. Sinclair’s goal of encouraging change in America’s economic structure is not an easy feat and Sinclair uses a number of different rhetorical devices to aid him. Through his intense tone, use of periodic sentencing, descriptive diction and other tools of rhetoric, Upton Sinclair constructs a moving novel that makes his message, and the reasoning behind it, clear.
In Consider The Lobster, David Foster Wallace raises an ethical question: “Is it right to boil a sentient creature alive just for our gustatory pleasure?” However, this essay is not to provide a definite answer to this question but lets the readers come up with their own answers. Wallace uses rhetorical strategies such as comparison, imagery, and questions to make the audiences think deep about the moral lens of consuming lobsters.
In this experiment, contractions of the earthworm gut are measured in an organ bath with a force transducer. The effect of neurotransmitters and ionic concentrations on contraction strength and rate will be investigated.
By primarily utilizing pathological rhetoric through a colloquial tone, Mike Royko is able to effectively support his exposé of an argument in “A Faceless Man’s Plea”. Primarily, he is only using 33% of the basic rhetorical strategies; pathos. This usage is however justified in reference to his argument, in that his whole piece sets out to provoke an emotional response from the people who read it, in which the Veterans Association must thereafter appease due to the theoretical outcry the public would create in response to “blind, faceless Leroy Bailey[’s case]” (Royko 2). Although personally irritating, Royko does precisely what he set out to do, in that the VA undertook response in under 24 hours; Bailey would supposedly receive funds to complete surgical operations necessary to construct his fact to
The experiment was conducted using six worms, where three were used for one treatment and the other three for a different treatment level. Initially, the worm was transferred to a parafilm slide containing some water and placed under a dissecting microscope. Application sticks were used to place the worm on the mark and an additional light was placed to observe. The focus was on the posterior end of the worm to obtain the basal pulsation rate. A timer was used to record the basal pulsation rate for 15 seconds, then the result was multiplied by 4 to get the number of beats per minute and this was repeated for two more trials. Same methods were used to measure the pulsation rate of two additional worms and the data were recorded.
Many people attempt to avoid death, and many times those people are successful; however, more often than not, when people face the predicament of dying, they are not fortunate enough to escape the misfortune. Whether a person surpasses the curse of death at one point in time, eventually they will come to meet death; death is inevitable. Virginia Woolf, author of the essay, “The Death of the Moth,” captures the message death is inevitable. Throughout the essay, Woolf follows the short life of a day moth. In following the moth, Woolf comes to the realization that regardless of what she attempts to do to proliferate the decay of the moth, the moth will still succumb to death. To encapsulate the theme in the essay, Woolf uses numerous
Everyone has an opinion when it comes to animals being killed and eaten. If a person agrees or not is completely their own opinion and will not be the focus of the essay. David Wallace’s essay “ Consider the Lobster,” is used to address perspectives of varying opinions while trying to persuade the reader. The author accomplishes this throughout the essay through the excellent use of multiple rhetorical techniques. Rhetorical devices such as ethos, lothos and pathos are all used in the essay to convey the author's opinion and try to convince the reader to choose a side.
Sometimes whats ideal in a situation is not what the truth of the situation and can cause your ideals to be lost. In William Golding’s novel, “Lord of the Flies”, he demonstrates a shift in some of the characters from the thought of idealism to the reality and truth of the world. Ralph is a good example of this shift, he starts out thinking the island will be a fun place and they’ll have fun waiting to be rescued, but soon he realizes that there is going to be more hardship and struggles to keep up the moral and hope of rescue. In the book Ralph wanted to keep everyone safe and get them off the island, but Jack wants to be a leader and messes up his plans, making it so that Ralph is alone in his plan to get rescued.
In the documentary “Blackfish,” there are rhetorical devices that are used to send off different thoughts about orca whales being held in captivity in such a limited space. Many of these devices try to give off certain feelings to the emotions and the mind through different people’s opinions. A device that is most used throughout this documentary is logos, meaning more facts are included and convincing the audience to pick more of one side than another. Shown through the documentary, many points from different people are told and give off plenty of emotions for the viewers that watch the documentary. Many facts are given off throughout this whole documentary, however the way that the people say it gives it more of two aspects that
The undeniable greed Napoleon possesses can only be fulfilled by giving the other animals the illusion of bettering themselves by not questioning his logic: “Boxer, who had now had time to think things over, voiced the general feeling by saying, ‘If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right.’ And from then on he adopted the maxim, ‘Napoleon is always right,’ in addition to his private motto of ‘I will work harder’” (Orwell 60). Because Animal Farm’s audience predominantly consists of working class citizens, they begin to feel sympathy for Boxer since he cannot recognize Napoleon is exploiting him exclusively for his personal goal of becoming a puissant leader; therefore, animosity towards Napoleon develops in the audience. Considering the animals promptly welcome Napoleon’s promise of a better life, they work towards exhaustion, unknowingly fueling Napoleon’s greed: "All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings" (63). Although the animals working for Napoleon are unaware he is gradually becoming more human and willfully betraying his fellow animals for his own benefit, it is evident to the audience that Napoleon is corrupt. As Napoleon cunningly achieves power, his greed continues to grow, the same as a totalitarian leader’s:
In her essay “Living Like Weasels”, Annie Dillard explores the idea of following a single calling in life, and attaching one’s self it this calling as the weasel on Ernest Thompson Seton’s eagle had. Dillard presents her argument using the analogy of a weasel and how the; “weasel lives as he’s meant to, yielding at every moment to the perfect freedom of single necessity” (Dillard). In constructing her argument, however, she often contradicts herself undermining the effectiveness of her argument and leaving the reader confused. Dillard primarily uses ethos and pathos to support her argument and concerning both, the reader discovers; inconsistencies in her character, and conflicts between her perceptions of the weasel’s emotions and its actions. Concerning her ethos, Dillard presents herself as a part of suburbia and then is suddenly, inexplicably overcome by the desire to live wild. Dillard also uses very detailed language throughout the essay in describing her surroundings and thoughts, however; this further undermines her argument and ethos as she is trying to convince the reader that she could simply become as simple and single minded as the weasel she has focused her argument around. With her use of pathos, Dillard begins her essay with descriptions of the weasel’s brutality, yet; she concludes by stating the weasel lives as is necessary. By simplifying her experience and presenting a reasonable explanation for why she wanted to
Would you prefer to experience a total foot-rejuvenation system that even surpasses alternative to expensive methods to heal your foot? Developed by Dr. Arthur Bluni, the pseudoscientist who refined the product for Massillon-based Integrated Products, created MagnaSoles, a unique shoe insert that “takes advantage of the semi-plausible medical technique known as reflexology… Enabling your soles to heal your entire body as you walk.” This article is a mock press release from The Onion, a publication devoted to humor and satire, which introduces rhetorical strategies such as logical appeal, pseudoscientific diction, and repetition to satirize how products are displayed to consumers. This article productively utilize these elements to parody nearly
Nature and Death Losing a loved one is never an easy thing, even when someone attempts to ease someone during that time by stating that death is a part of nature. Yes this true, but that does not mean it is something simple or easy to handle, like that statement implies. Nature is typically not simple, it can be confusing and complex, just like death can be. After losing her mother in the essay “Pathologies”, Kathleen Jamie is feeling disoriented and decides to visit a pathology lab for reasons that she does not fully understand.
In the novella Animal Farm, the timeline of early 1900s Russia unfolds in an allegory, with revolutionists Vladimir Lenin and Karl Marx sparking a rebellion against Czar Nicholas II. Subsequently, a social democratic party known as the Bolsheviks overthrew the czar, aided by two significant leaders: Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. Even so, the newfound ideology of communism that Stalin introduced and quickly corrupted through propaganda proved to be just as oppressive as the reign of Nicholas II. Most importantly, this corruption and oppression was elucidated by British author George Orwell through the use of rhetorical devices in the allegorical satire Animal Farm, where the audience receives a glimpse into the cunning caricature of