Rhetorical Terms Group #1 1. Ad Hominem: Latin for “against the man,” and refers to the logical fallacy (error) of arguing that someone is incorrect because they are unattractive, immoral, weird, or any other bad thing you could say about them as a person. (https://literaryterms.net/ad-hominem/) Example: “Proctor: I—I have no love for Mr. Parris. It is no secret. But God, surely, do I love. Cheever: He plow on Sunday, sir. Danforth: Plow on Sunday! Cheever: I think it be evidence, John. I am an official of the court. I cannot keep it. Proctor: I—I have once or twice plowed on Sunday. I have three children, sir, and until last year my land give little.” (https://literaryterms.net/ad-hominem/) Function: In this specific scene in “The Crucible”, the author uses Ad Hominem in the characters dialogue to question John Proctor’s honesty. They are questioning this not only because his testimony kept changing and was inconsistent, but because he works and plows on Sundays. Therefore, the questions of his Christian devoutness arise. The judge then goes on by having no doubts of the accusations made on the girls, without stopping to question Proctor’s ever-changing testimony. Cheever, an attorney, then proceeds to make the smart remark that if the Judge believes and accepts Proctor’s testimony; he will be looked upon as a bad and untrustworthy Christian (which in this case is a use of Ad Hominem). 2. Alliteration: words that begin with the same sound are placed close together.
A theme in The Crucible is that a society ruled by theocracy and status based on religion is bound to fall apart. Salem 's strict adherence to the Christian shurch is evident in everything the citizens do. They use measures of a person 's knowledge and adherence to the religion as a means of judging their character and also their status in society. They believe "God [was] provoked so grandly by such a petty cause" (121), which is why the "jails are packed" (121). If the citizen did anything to make God angry, they were punished. This is why the judges were so relentless and naïve in putting the accused women to trial and convicting them. They believed "the law, based upon the Bible, and the Bible, writ by the Almighty God,
John Proctor had always things on his mind. People were always on his mind. John
The only way John Proctor can save himself is by falsely confessing to being involved with witchcraft; however, he does not confess. This describes another example of situational irony. Proctor decides to tell the truth and not lie to himself because he now understands the meaning of a good reputation. As critic Richard Hayes says, “The dilemma of man, fallible, subject to pride, but forced to choose between the ‘negative good’ of truth and the morality, and the ‘positive good’ of human life under any dispensation.” Proctor would rather die than live with the town believing untrue statements about him. When Proctor is asked to explain why he decides to tell the truth he replies, “Because it is my name!...How may I live without
After a few days of court Hale visits several households without the courts authority, and goes to John Proctors house to have a few words with John and his wife . At the end of the talks Proctor states : ‘‘ And why not, if they must hang for denying it? There are them that will swear to anything before they’ll hang ; have you never thought of that?’’ (69).
How many people have you met in your life that is stronger because of a difficult experience they went through? Most people are because we take these difficult experiences and grow from them and become better people. This is the exact case is expressed in the play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller. The story begins in Salem, Massachusetts 1692 right in the middle of a period of witchcraft hysteria. During this time many people were accused of being witches and wrongly convicted by judges Danforth and Hathorne. The characters in the story are struggling because of a girl named Abigail who gets caught practicing witchcraft and then starts naming and accusing others so that she doesn’t get in trouble; one of these people being a well-respected farmer, John Proctor’s, wife Elizabeth. The title, The Crucible, refers to a test, trial, ordeal, formation by fire, and vessel baked to resist heat, and the entire story is an allegory meaning it has a hidden meaning. John Proctor symbolizes a crucible by embodying the definition of one, as he went through a test and was formed by fire.
“ Fear nothing. I'll find Ezekiel Cheever. I’ll tell him she said it were all sport.” ( Arthur Miller Page 64). Proctor is clueless at the moment he failed to realized that Ezekiel Cheever is very close to Danforth. Judge Danforth is not concerned about justice, all he's focused about is being about the witch trials. Danforth will never have concrete evidence, unreliable witnesses. No opportunity to receive a second trial or even a review of the case. Danforth is ignorant and wants people to be with him or against him. What would this result in John Proctor doing?
Sometimes one can never realize that what they are doing is wrong, at least until the consequences are revealed to them in the end. A happy ending does not always have to have a good event such as a marriage or happy-ever-after but it can be considered a good ending when a character or characters has gone through moral development. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses rhetorical devices such as logos, ethos and anaphora to provide moral reconciliation for John and Elizabeth Proctor, revealing the consequences through one's actions can spark a realization of wrongdoing.
In the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the characters John Proctor and Reverend Parris are some of the major characters during the course of the play. John Proctor is a farmer in Salem that lives in the outskirts of town, and is religious like the rest of Salem but rarely makes it to the church due to living far away have having large amounts of work. He is seen as strong and confident by most town members, however “Proctor… has come to regard himself as a kind of fraud” (Miller 20-21). Reverend Parris is Salem’s religious leader. While he does regularly speak to the entire town, he has very little confidence and “believed he was being persecuted wherever he went, despite his best efforts to win people and God over to his side” (Miller 3). By comparing and contrasting both Parris and Proctor’s actions and beliefs throughout the play, underlying truths regarding self-realization and the consequences of our actions can be discovered.
(H)To be accused as a witch, was to be labeled for death by hanging, whether you are guilty or not. (Tr-TS)The label of witch or warlock what the townspeople use as a vessel to get their enemies and competition out of the way. (B)In the puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts, a group of girls were caught dancing in the forest by the reverend. To avoid any punishment for doing so, the girls claimed to have been bewitched. Soon, what began as a simple act of preservation to keep from being hung, very quickly turned into an opportunity to gain power over the other townspeople. (Tr-ThS)Slapping the label of witch was these peoples way of gaining said power. (ThS) (pt1)In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible,(pt2) Miller uses many literary devices, but most
In Act Three of the play The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, a Salem trial is presented of the people who are involved in witchcraft. Throughout the trial, almost everyone uses a countless number of fallacious statements that make the trial go chaos. Including Danforth, who is the governor of the case, was unable to stop the hysteria by failing to inspect evidence seriously and to act excessively. Danforth’s ignorance and unreasonable actions show that he is an irresponsible judge and that he messed up the witchcraft case. Danforth makes several appeals to false authority that makes him have the skill to deal with witchcraft and religion.
Proctor: “You are pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore!”(120). This situation took place in the court. John Proctor says this to Danforth and others in the courthouse. When Mary Warren tried to confess, she was not able to and was soon accused of using witchcraft against the young girls in the courthouse. “Mary Warren, utterly confounded, and becoming overwhelmed by Abigails- and the girls-utter conviction, starts to whimper, hands half raised, powerless, and all the girls begin whimpering exactly as she does”. Mary soon caves in and sides with Abigail and accuses Proctor with association of the devil. Judge Danforth believes in the girls and sends Proctor to jail. Proctor then says “You are pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore!”.
In a society where the thoughts and opinions of people are meant to blend in, a division actually occurs where they are usually separated because of their opinions. The play and the event, The Crucible and the “Red Scare” respectively, supply greatly to the difference of opinion because it shows that people are willing to do anything to not only oust the people that they dislike, but try and obtain the attention that they are seeking. During the “Red Scare,” McCarthy targets the issue of communism in the United States of America in order to become the favorable candidate for re-election as well as obtaining the attention that he desired. This event parallels with Abigail Williams, from Arthur Miller’s
Proctor. For the first and only time in the play we see Abigail as her
Imagine the year is 1692. In a small Massachusetts town a culture of highly religious folk live in peace. Salem. It´s late January and the reverendś young niece Abigail and only daughter begin to act strangely. Rumors of witchcraft fly through town and fear runs rampant.In around a year 200 people are unjustifiably accused and 20 sentenced to capital punishment. Who is next? The strange widow down the road? The Coreys? In a time of obscured justice, line were crossed and innocent lives lost. In his breakthrough play, The Crucible, Arthur Miller spins a tale not far from the truth.Letting his readers explore a gruesome tale of blind hatred. In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, Abigail Williams embodies the wrongdoings of the Salem Witch Trials.
Throughout American history, no matter what time period, humans have been categorized, discriminated against, and treated according to their class, financial status, and race. Many concrete and obvious examples of this have appeared throughout the years, ranging from the Salem witch trials in the late 1600’s, all the way to the recent civil rights movements in the 1950’s and 60’s. Social history uses personal stories to show how class/status and race played a part in the way people were treated in America.