Role Of Nationalism In Italian Unification

In a letter to an Italian friend, Napoleon wrote, “I do not wish to see Italy united. I want only independence. Unity would bring danger to me…” (Doc 11). Despite all of the bitter resentment, Cavour was pleasantly surprised when the northern and central states of Italy called for a fusion, and he returned to power in 1860 (McKay et al

By 1871 both the kingdom of Italy and the empire of Germany were united. Even though both countries used popular trends to that time, both liberalism and nationalism, the process unifying these two countries was very different. The end result was Germany emerging as a strong nation and Italy appropriately, the weaker.

Featured in the painting are traders traveling along the rolling hills in Tuscany. The landscape is believed to be based off the actual hills of Tuscany, as they look rather similar in comparison to other artists’ depictions of the Tuscan hillside. The traders depicted are considered a sign of prosperity, as they not only bring in goods, but trade for the ample resources available in the city. This prosperity is considered to be a result of the good government in the city. Other representations of prosperity attributed to good government are ample. One such representation is depicted by the abundance of food in the country. This is seen as the workers harvest a plethora of crops and raise abundant livestock among the hills. Another representation of prosperity is the way in which the peasants exist in peace, going about their day peacefully and seemingly

After being separated since the fall of the Roman Empire and acting as only “a geographic expression,” Italy finally underwent the process of unification and succeeded in 1870. For hundreds of years, Italy was ruled under city-states, therefore the peninsula was unable to form a unified nation. However, through several political leaders, such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Camillo Cavour, helped manifest the Italian unification process to success in the 19th century. As Italy struggled for unity and national identity in the period circa 1830-1870, contrasting viewpoints emerged on what type of government should rule over the peninsula, with options such as a republic, papacy, or not unifying at all.

The epoch that the cartoon was drawn in was defined by the emergence of a central force in geopolitics: The nation-state. The force of nationalism, neither benevolent

3. In the mid-nineteenth century, Italy wasn’t unified. Italy was made up of independent states that nationalist wanted unified, but failed. Mazzini was “the most important nationalist leader in Europe and brought new fervor to the cause” (690). Mazzini desperately wanted Italy to be united and it finally was and became the Italian Republic. In 1860, the country shaped boot became a nation-state. After the war with Austria, “the forces of romantic republican nationalism compelled Cavour to pursue the complete unification of northern and southern Italy” (691).

The Mueller indictments, in the cartoon, are illustrated by the cartoonist, by displaying a man who is standing with a very strong featured face. The cartoonist displaysThat

Commonly used cartoons intimidated, amused, or simply condemned the victim within the pictures reputation. In cartoon 12.9 (Thomas Nast) three angry white men, an Irishmen, former confederacy supporter, and a banker/business man stand atop an African American man yielding an American flag. All three men pictured desired a government for the “white” America. Article 12.5d represents a similar depiction of African Americans. An African American looking male sits in ratty clothing while the “white” man works tirelessly. The propaganda symbolizes The Freedman’s Bureau and how it will destroy the dynamic between the “white” man and African Americans. During 1898, the USS Maine exploded, and Grant Hamilton draws a cartoon blaming the Spanish (Article 14.9a). A gorilla looking man sporting a belt stating he is Spanish and wielding a bloody knife, stands above a grave labeled “Maine soldiers murdered by Spain.” The media refers to Spanish as “gorillas” and, therefore, Hamilton blames them for the Maine explosion. While the U.S. considered making the Philippines apart of the states, cartoonists sketched out their opinions. The unknown artist of “Is he to be a despot” (Article 14.9b) draws three men, William McKinley, Julius Caesar, and Napoleon Bonaparte. McKinley’s foot squishes a human looking creature, from the Philippines, underneath his foot.

A long term impact of Nationalism was an essay from Giuseppe Mazzini “On the Duties of Man”, it was written for the workers residing in England. Mazzini preaches toward humanity, and believes that if you are not ready to violate your law of life then you are not ready to become a whole human family. The biggest impact the Nationalism was the redrawing of the map of Europe. Mazzini’s believed that Europe was jealous of righteous powers of others and greed took over. There was much conflict and fighting to settle the new territories of Europe. The reason that the redrawing of the map of Europe was such a big impact on Nationalism is because the boundaries of Europe still hold true today. Mazzini was a leader of the Roman Republic was failed, and began to look for leadership some else besides Italy.

Evaluate the political role of Nationalism in the 20th Century- was it more important as a force for unification or disintegration.

We see other clear cut examples of nationalism in Italy as well. The journey that Italy took to statehood in the 1800s involved various figureheads performing different roles. The nationalism of Italy began with Mazzini who laid the ideological base for a united Italy. He wrote many pamphlets, papers, and dissertations on the manifest destiny, if you will, of the Italian people to unify. This rhetoric was stirring to the young middle class individuals of Italy who accepted this ideology and supported ideological efforts for a unified Italy. Cavour, of the province of Piedmont is where the basis of a real Italian resurgence would begin. Cavour wanted Piedmont to be the basis of the Risorgimento, or the Italian resurgence. Piedmont was developing well from an industrial perspective and by siphoning trade agreements away from Austria was able to develop into an industrial base for further operations. The actual, boots on the ground venture was led by Garibaldi who recruited many young men to serve in “The Expedition of The Thousand.” The rising nationalism of the time period, as well as the efforts of Mazzini stirred these young middle and

The concept of nationalism is in essence an odd organization that has had significant impacts in world history through shaping the political and social aspects of the society. As an important aspect in the development of the society, the concept of nationalism has basically been analyzed based on its impact on the emergence of nation-states across the globe. In most cases, these analyses have been conducted to determine the influence of nationalism on imperial breakdown i.e. the dissolution of empires. While the actual extent of the impact of nationalism on the imperial breakdown is uncertain, this concept has played a major role in the dissolution of empires. Generally, the transition to nationalism has contributed to significant effects in world history through shaping the political and social aspects of the society.

The Italian Unification brought a rise to Nationalism. Nationalism is when a nation is joined together in ways of government, leaders, or religion. Nationalism is Italy gives freedom of press and power to the government or one ruler. This is exactly what had been done in the Italian Unification. They united under one rule and became a singular country. They also received freedom of the press and a new Parliament during the time of Camillo di Cavour. Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi all used their ideas to help with the unification witch

”My goal, which was, I believe, shared by most italians at that time, was to unite the country and rid it of foreign powers. Those who gave Italy her freedom would earn her people’s gratitude” (Garibaldi, page 6). During the age of Italian unification, there were three men who fought for her (Italy’s) freedom. Those men were Cavour the brains, Mazzini the soul, and Garibaldi the sword (Chastain).

There are two ways the viewer can infer that these figures have power and authority. The first is the scene around them. Behind Mussolini, on the right, is a red velvet curtain, that has a golden tie-back around waist level. This tie-back, golden fringes on the bottom of the curtain, and the specific color of the curtain all are usually found in homes of powerful or rich patrons, or in buildings of important government figures. On the left side of the paintings, there is a stone railing with hills in the distance. This gives an appearance that the figures are standing near a balcony