Rotavirus Disease Essay

...the patient was exhibiting delirium, visual hallucinations, wide variations in pulse rate and rapid, shallow breathing. Within four days—the median length of survival after the onset of serious rabies symptoms—E.P. was dead (Geiling).

Each and everyday, millions of humans spread infection without realizing it. A simple handshake and a nervous finger bite can lead in to something that can have great effect on your health. Norovirus or acute gastroenteritis, commonly known as Norwalk virus, is one of the most common sources of stomach infections. Norwalk is extremely contagious and can often be found in long term care facilities. The virus can be found in the stool and vomit of the infected person. To the majority of the population, Norwalk is nothing more than the everyday stomach flu and is usually cured without treatment. Although, there are exceptions to the young, the elderly, and people with a disease as they do not have as strong immune systems as the average adult.

While the fly is dead, the N. Risticii is still active and can have an incubation period of 10-18 days before being noticed. Symptoms of the disease are initially depression and lack of appetite, followed by a high fever of 102-107. Upon reaching this stage of PHF the infected equine may develop mild colic and/or diarrhea. In severe cases, laminitis can develop on top of the other symptoms. If an animal demonstrates signs of depression, anorexia, fever, and/or dehydration, contacting the veterinarian is advisable as PHF can escalate quickly. While waiting on the vet, it is recommended that the owner monitor the animal’s vital signs (heart rate, bpm, temperature, capillary refill) and attempt to keep the animal cool (ice boots, cold-hosing main vein areas or areas of heat, fans). Once under the vet’s care, most run blood tests on top of basic examination, before being put on medication via IV. Most horses that are diagnosed with the illness can be treated with oxytetracycline (oxytet 6.6 mg/kg, IV.) if it is given during the beginning stages, with a response rate of roughly 12 hours. On average, treatment takes place for a (maximum) of 5 days with a very high success rate. Overall, Potomac has a fatality rate of 5%-30% but the treatment has proven highly effective if caught

Horses are classified as hindgut fermenters, meaning a balance of good and bad bacteria aid in the digestion of foodstuff in the cecum and large intestine [5]. The hindgut is not only a fermentation vat, but it also stimulates the immune responses, protects against pathogens,

Since each horse is different they can show different types of symptoms. Some horses get many symptoms and others none. I’ve provided you a list that seems to be one of the most comprehensive I could find. This list is provided from an article by DVM Bentz Commissioner for the Kentucky Racing Commission.

Animals show symptoms of diarrhea, depression, dehydration, lethargy, and scruffy hair coats. Coma and death can happen

Well, horses are at risk of numbers of serious infectious diseases, some of which can lead to death. Regular vaccinations can help keep a horse safe, by ensuring they produce enough antibodies to fight off specific diseases, if they are exposed to it. Vaccinations are proven to help protect against many serious equine diseases. They are often no cures for these disease, and treatment can be painfully expensive with no guarantee of success that a horse will get better. Some diseases can spread so quickly to other horses, or even in the case of the Hendra virus, it can spread to humans. “No one wants sick horses,” Timmins said. “All horse show organizers can do is put the requirements out there and hope that people comply and that they understand why vaccinations are so important. “When a horse pops with a fever at a show everyone is alarmed,” continued Timmins. “If proper vaccination protocols are followed, it is easier for us to figure out why that horse has a fever and treat them quickly and

The large, double-stranded DNA genome of the Variola virus, which uses its genome to distract the host’s innate immune responses, was greatly observed by Edward Jenner to create a vaccine against smallpox using the cowpox virus. This form of immunization was shared by Jenner to many others in the hopes of ending the deadly virus. Then, Henderson worked with three advantages which lead to smallpox eradication. First, a low-cost, heat-stable vaccine and a bifurcated needle to go with it. Second, a disease that is easily diagnosed due to its’ signature rash. Lastly, the fact that there are no other reservoirs for the virus other than humans and that there are no asymptomatic carriers. This allowed for the implementation of the surveillance-containment

Equine Influenza is a viral disease that can cause rapid outbreaks of respiratory disease and result in a high death rate. This was a major concern across Australia and so the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries came up with a campaign to eradicate the disease and limit the spread of it. Its aim was to alert the target audiences to the risks and consequences of the disease. The campaign was highly effective and successful in doing so as it used the latest laboratory, vaccine, surveillance, mapping and communication technologies, which resulted in only taking four moths for New South Wales to be free from the disease. The campaign was effective as it achieved to establish and raise awareness about Equine Influenza. It done this

Equine influenza is one of the most common viruses that affect horses. It is extremely contagious and afflicts horses across the globe. The first vaccine and its boosters

Rabies is a highly infectious viral disease that can easily ruin and eventually end the lives of both humans and animals alike. Rabies comes in two forms for animals. It comes in the form of paralytic rabies, which is the kind that puts you in paralysis right from the beginning, skipping the symptoms of agitation and excitability. Rabies also appears in the form of furious rabies, which is completely different in the way that it makes the victim restless, vicious and agitated. When humans get rabies, their symptoms start out with simple headaches and fevers and later progresses to terrible things such as becoming hydrophobic because of painful throat spasms and paralysis. A definite diagnosis of rabies needs lab analysis of

While one specific cause of Heaves has yet to be determined, it is thought that this disease is the result of a hypersensitivity/allergic reaction to inhalants found in the barn (hay, straw, bedding, barn dust, etc.). Heaves primarily affects horses who are stalled for a long period of time, increasing the exposure to allergens. The two primary agents suspected in causing the hypersensitivity are mold, Aspergillus fumigatus and Micropolyspora faeni found in hay. The pasture associated allergens have yet to be narrowed down, but it is likely a combination of

Colic is one of the most common ailments experienced by horses and is more common in horses than any other animal. It is more common at night and is often connected with irregular feeding. This is because of the horses’ inability to vomit and unload the stomach, the small size of the stomach and the great length of the intestines, puckering of the large intestine allowing food to lodge there, the range of movement the large intestine has within the abdomen and finally, the frequency a horse is affected with internal parasites. Colic can be fatal so it is vitally important that a vet should be called if colic is suspected. Colic is a set of symptoms pointing to severe abdominal pain. True colic relates to conditions arising in the intestines

Second to nutrition of the mare are vaccinations and deworming programs. Each should be specific to the needs of the farm and even more so, to that of the gestation period of the mare. The point of vaccinating and deworming the mares is to protect the mares from any infectious diseases or parasites that can adversely alter the fetus and, in some cases, cause abortion. It is suggested in many

Rabies has two phases that occur in both humans and animals: the predominal phase and the neurological phase. The predominal phase begins when the host experiences the first symptoms of rabies. In humans, some symptoms are fever, unconsciousness, vomiting, headaches, double vision, difficulty when speaking, and pain at the origin of the wound. During the neurological phase, paralysis (dumb rabies) and