S&S Air Inc. Mini Case – Ch 3

Corporate finance is important to all managers because it allows a manager to be able to predict the funds the company will need for their upcoming projects and think about ways to organize and acquire those funds.

Debt ratio percentages increased for Company G from 28.34% to 29.94%. Industry quartile is 30, 45 and 66 percent, putting Company G below average. Debt Ratio represents strength for Company G.

The cost of equity was found using CAPM, with the given market risk premium of 5%, a beta of .88, and risk-free rate of 4.03%. The beta was found by running a regression of Southwest’s percent change in stock price versus the S&P 500’s percent change in stock price for two years (June 28, 2000 to June 28, 2002). The risk-free rate was the return on a ten-year treasury note issued on June 28, 2002, according to the U.S. Treasury’s website. The tax rate of 39% was used to account for tax savings from leverage. In order to calculate the firm’s leverage, the market value of equity was found from the price per share on July 24, 2002 (Yahoo Finance) and the shares outstanding on the balance sheet of the July 10-Q report, as shown in Exhibit X. The debt value was approximated at the book value since data could not be found regarding its market value. This analysis resulted in a debt weight of 11.74% and equity weight of 88.26%. The final approximation for the weighted average cost of capital was 8.64%.

A more tell tale sign is the quick ratio, or acid test, which has increased year after year. Debt to total assets has decreased over 5% since 2001, indicating less financing of current and long term debt and more company assets. Their cash debt coverage far surpasses the ideal 20%, indicating a high level of solvency with sufficient funds and assets to satisfy all debtors. Asset turnover has more or less maintained at right around 1.6, signifying a turnover rate of just less than 180 times per year.

Return on Total Assets was 4.43% which is below five percent. That indicates that the company is not accurately converting its assets into profit. The total for Return on Stockholders’ Equity was 8.89%, however financial analysts prefer ROE to range between 15-20 %. The company’s low ROE indicates that the company is not generating profit with new investments. Lastly, Debt-to-Equity ratio for the company was 1.01 which indicates that investors and creditors are equally sharing assets. In the view of creditors, they see a high ratio as a risk factor because it can indicate that investors are not investing due to the company’s overall performance. The totals of these three ratios demonstrate that the company’s financial state is not as healthy as it should be.

* Current ratio of 3.53 shows that Adidaz is in a healthy situation and has the ability to pay off future debt. (Increase of 0.45).

The debt/equity ratio for Boeing is provided in exhibit 10, 0.525, from where we can infer the weights of both debt and equity.

With this company the inventory management ratios further indicate that there may be an issue with inventory and inventory controls. The inventory turnover ratio is lower than the industry average and the days’ sales in inventory are high. A company wants to turn inventory quickly to reduce storage costs, and

As Star River is a private company and has not issued stock, we need to make several assumptions when calculating market value of equity and price of equity. Analysis of similar companies reveals that Wintronics, Inc. and STOR-Max Corp. are the most similar firms in the market. To calculate Star River’s market value of equity I used market to book value method. I found M/B for Wintronics to be 4.4 (market price per share/book value per share) and 3.9 for STOR-Max. an average M/B ratio is 4.15, so multiplying Star River’s book value of equity of 47004 by 4.15 I found Star River’s market value of equity to be SGD195,066.6M. Average beta of these two companies is 1.615. The global equity market premium is 6%, and I use 10 year Singapore T-bond yield of 3.6% as my risk free rate.

As of Jun 30, 2014, Spectra Energy had a long-term debt of $14.4 billion with a debt-to-capitalization ratio of 57% (compared with 58% in the previous quarter). The company’s revenue was 5.52B and their operating cash flow was 2.03B. PE ratio (price earnings ratio) 23.97, PS ratio (price sales ratio) 4.1, Debt to Equity ratio was 1.24, Asset Turnover ratio 0.17, receivables turnover ratio 4.57 PB ratio (price to book ratio 2.28.) (“You Can Make Money in the Stock Market!")

The debt-to-capital ratio gives users an idea of a company's financial structure, or how it is financing its operations, along with some insight into its financial strength. The higher the debt-to-capital ratio, the more debt the company has compared to its equity. Star River has always depended much on debt for its financing and the trend shows this ratio may get higher in future. Star River, with high debt-to-capital ratios, compared to a general or industry average, may show weak financial strength because the cost of these debts may weigh on the company and

Long-term solvency for Ford Motor Company also appears to be strong. The company’s times interest earned ratio of 1.96 means that it can cover its interest charges on current debt issues almost two times over. This is a good sign that bankruptcy is not eminent and the company is solvent in the long-run. A higher debt to equity ratio means a company gets a larger portion of its financing from creditors than shareholders, though higher is a subjective measure and depends on the industry. (Wahlen et al, 2008) Automotive manufacturers tend to have debt to equity ratios above 2 because the industry is capital intensive. (Debt/equity ratio, 2014) Ford’s debt to equity ratio in 2011 was 10.89, far higher than the industry standard, potentially due to the circumstances of the time. The financial crisis of 2008 resulted in major financial bailouts across the automotive industry. These large levels of debt to the government would increase the debt to equity ratios of all companies that accepted the money.

If this ratio is high means company owns too many debts which may decrease their

For the year 2007 the total asset was $423,504 and total equity is $302,115 which is equal to 28.6%. This is not bad for any company but considering the Banks point of view it would be a lot better if it was higher that 30%.

The long-term liquidity risk ratio such as LT debt/Equity, D/E, and Total Liabilities to Total Assets all show a decline from year 2005 due to the repayment of debts. The interest coverage ratio also shows a healthy number of 29.45 in comparison to the industrial average of 15.04 indicating a high ability to pay out its interest expense. Such a low relative risk is not surprising due to the nature of its business depending heavily in R&D development and large intangible assets.