Meagan Martin
Coach Thames/Mrs. Miller
Health Science Capstone/English 1113
25 October 2014
Science Stemming from Cellular Research Since the discovery of stem cells, scientist have been studying new ways
Scientists have been using stem cells since their discovery to improve research and treatments. One type of organ improvement stem cells have played an important part in recently is the heart. There can now be a reduction in cardiovascular disease morbidity rates through the utilization of stem cells, and worrying about compatibility and time can become a thing of the past. Through the use of stem cells, repair, rehabilitation, and transplant can help or even cure myocardial necrosis. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can
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For example, scientists at the Texas Heart Institute extracted stem cells and anti-inflammitory from fat tissue from a patient that had had a myocardial infarction. Scientists then injected the stem cells into the damaged area of the heart. They then studied patients with stem cell injections and without stem cell injections. From baseline to six months, they noticed patients without stem cells damage area increased by 5.1%, and patients with stem cells damage area decreased by 3% (Texas Heart). This study had positive affects, as did a similar one. Other scientists induced rats to have myocardial infarctions. They then extracted cardiac stem cells from the rats themselves and injected them back into the damaged area of the heart. Mortality rates decreased, and scientists noticed the aortic and myocardial walls became thicker to protect themselves from future problems (Beltrami, Barlucchi, Torella). From the use of stem cells, cardiovascular repair can greatly decrease mortality rates and increase quality of life for survivors. After patients have gone through heart disease, like any other injury, therapeutic steps must be taken. Therapy and rehabilitation of damaged hearts has been improved through the utilization of stem cells. Therapy includes strengthening of the damaged area as to prevent the incident from reoccurring and getting the patient back to their normal life. Scientists, again, used rats that had had induced myocardial infarctions. This
The stem cells were engineered from typical skin cells. This technique means that heart patients would not have to worry about rejection. Their new hearts would be made of their own cells.
Stem cells have made significant promise to help people understand and treat a broad range of injuries, diseases, and other health-related issues. This type of treatment has saved the lives of many people with leukemia and can also be used for tissue grafts to treat conditions with the skin, bone and surface of the eye ("Nine Things to Know about Stem Cell Treatments"). Dilated cardiomyopathy (DMC) is a disease characterized by expansion of the left ventricular chamber and it is usually associated with systolic dysfunction. The presentations of the condition include heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia and as a refractory life-threatening condition which can cause heart failure, transplantation remains the ultimate therapy for
Therefore, much of the critic’s arguments are invalid due to the fact that the embryo won’t develop into a child. Stem cells are the beginning of an enormous scientific breakthrough, a breakthrough that critics are simply putting off. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to treat some of the worst diseases we face today, such as cancer. Many critics argue that adult stem cells offer a good alternative. However, adult stem cells have become specialized and only have the ability to become specific type of tissue. Unlike adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells have the ability to create any type of cell within the body, as well as replicate themselves. This difference is proof alone that embryonic stem cells are vital to treating the more complex illnesses. Due to this, embryonic stem cells would create a larger bank of replacement cells and tissues. This is important because although there is organ and tissue donation, there is a higher demand for them than we have to supply. With embryonic stem cells, there would be more available treatment for patients with diseases such as macular degeneration, spinal cord injuries, heart disease, and more. In the case of heart disease, with the use of embryonic stem cells, healthy heart tissue could be generated in the lab and then transplanted. This would lead to a quicker treatment option than waiting for an available tissue and organ through
Stem cells have the ability to grow heart cells, which can further lead to new discoveries in medicine. A team of scientists researching stem cells “has grown the earliest form of human heart cells from embryonic stem cells and found a way to direct them into the three major cell types found in the human heart”. This demonstrates the morality of stem cells because they can develop into a helpful tool to grow heart cells. Furthermore, the experiment’s goal is that “[the] lab created cells could be used to grow new heart tissue or repair heart muscle damage” (Ogilvie, 1). If people continue to put their hope in the benefits of stem cell research, then eventually it will be able to not only just grow heart cells but the tissue itself.
A late survey of 23 trials including 1255 individuals with coronary illness found that there is some proof that beneficiaries of stem cell treatment are less inclined to kick the bucket or be readmitted to healing facility a year or more after treatment than individuals who got a proper standard
Because of stem cells regenerative qualities, many scientists hypothesize that eventually we can use stem cells on a large scale to assist us to regenerate damaged tissue within the body especially when transitioning organ donations, or prosthetics into an individual, ultimately making it a safer practice.
In order to obtain relevant information to support this topic, databases including PubMed, Medline, UpToDate, and Google Scholar were used. Terms used in each search included and combined the following: mesenchymal stem cell, cardiac stem cells, HF, heart repair, ejection fraction, cardiac output, cardiac index, mortality.
Stem Cells On average 20 people die each day waiting for a transplant. Which is a problem that our people deal with on a daily basis. This fact has a solution in which we can help and provide people with new organs. The solution are stem cells that are artificially created in order to replace damaged organs.
Embryonic stem cells are repairing damaged tissues in the body. Scientists have find a way to replace damage hearts. The United States heart failure affects more than 400,000 people a year. With the use of stem cells can be used to reconstruct the heart
Rather than relying on surgical methods meant to replace these tissues, scientists are now beginning focus on new methods that actually allow the heart to repair and replace damaged tissue. In the June 29, 2006 edition of the journal entitled, Nature, Dr. Kathryn Ivey of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease explains, “the ability of circulating cells to produce factors that are sufficient to invoke cell survival or repair responses in damaged heart cells” remains a primary objective of research cardiologists. By manipulating synthetic compounds meant to catalyze the regeneration of tissue, the new experimental method of repairing heart muscles may be able to abandon surgical procedures altogether. While the vast majority of attention is being spent on the ability to use stem cell therapy to repair congenital heart defects, some scientists are exploring alternative possibilities in organisms like the
Adult stem cells are thought to be undifferentiated cells. According to the NIH, the main goal of adult stem cells is to repair and renew cells and tissue in the body (Stem Cell Basics). Compared to embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells origin is undetermined. However, scientists are excited over the recent discoveries emerging from research. Researchers have found adult stem cells are in the brain and heart where they believed stem cells would not exist. These findings can continue to help scientists develop research in which adult stem cells could become the basis of transplantation-based therapies (Zawada and Kalumuck). If scientists are able to control these cells in laboratories, they could develop transplant stem cells that could even rejuvenate a heart. If the heart is rejuvenated it could circumnavigate a heart transplant (Zawada and Kalumuck). Other examples of conditions that could be cured with rejuvenation are Diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, strokes, burns, spinal injuries, and more (Stem Cell
“Through the isolation and manipulation of cells, scientists are finding ways to identify young, regenerating ones that can be used to replace damaged of dead cells in diseased organs. This therapy is similar to the process of organ transplant, only the treatment consists of the transplantation of cells rather than organs. The cells that have shown by far the most promise of supplying diseased organs with healthy cells are called stem cells.” (Chapter Preface)
Although current therapeutic approaches to HF improve symptoms, they are palliative in the sense that they do not address the fundamental problem - the loss of cardiac tissues. It is for this reason that stem cells have sparked intense interest. Stem cells by definition are cells that have the potential to become any type of cell in the body, they can self-renew or multiply while maintaining the potential to develop into cells such as cells blood, heart, bones, skin, muscles, brain etc.
Stem cells have the ability to change everybody’s life. We can use stem cells by likely treating any diseases caused by loss of cells by recreating the tissue in the part of the body that are damage using embryonic stem cells that are taken from a really early embryo and it’s the strongest type of stem cells because they can transform into all kind of specialized cells. For example, a person with a Parkinson disease could be able to walk again after stem cells are used to replace the failing cells in the person’s brain. The important facts in this is that your really need to notice that stem cells are essentially limitless, stem cells have the imaginable to treat enormous range of diseases (Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury and Alzheimer’s
We can see how it affects a human heart, and not have to use animals. There are current studies on the models for alzheimer's disease, parkinson’s disease, birth defects, blindness, and even cancer. Over 26,000 people in Europe are being treated with different stem cell processes. A blind woman got her eyesight back from her own stem cells. She had been blind for over five years, and which stem cells extracted from bone marrow in her hip were injected into a different area in each eye, she gradually regained some of her