Shareholder Value and the Financial Crisis

Corporate governance is a set of actions used to handle the relationship between stakeholders by determining and controlling the strategic direction and performance of the organization. Corporate governance major concern is making sure that the strategic decisions are effective and that it paves the way towards strategic competitiveness. (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2017, p. 310). In today’s corporation, the primary objective of corporate governance is to align top-level manager’s and stakeholders interest. That is why corporate governance is involved when there is a conflict of interest between with the owners, managers, and members of the board of directors (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2017, p. 310-311).

Corporate governance in itself has no single definition but common principles which it should follow. For example in 1994 the most agreed term for corporate governance was “the process of supervision and control intended to ensure that the company’s management acts in accordance with the interest of shareholders” (Parkinson, 1994)1. Corporate governance code is not a direct set of rules but a self-regulated framework which businesses choose to follow. This code has continued to change in the past 20 years in accordance with what is happening in the business world. For example the Enron scandal caused reform in corporate governance with the Higgs Report which corrected the issues which were necessary. Although it does not quickly fix problems, it gives a better framework to

Phenomenal growth of interest in corporate governance has emerged in recent years. The body of literature on the subject has grown markedly in response to successive waves of large corporate failures. Furthermore, there have been numerous attempts to define what constitutes ‘good corporate governance’ and to provide guidelines in order to enhance the quality of corporate governance.

Up to now no specific world-wide common understanding or single definition for “corporate governance” has been established. More generally, corporate governance can thus be understood as the totality of all national and international regulations (e.g. Sarbanes-Oxley Act), rules, values and principles (e.g. UK’s “Code of best practices”) that apply to businesses and determine how they are steered and monitored.

The article is written to help readers gain a solid understanding the roles of corporate governance, both inside and outside the company. Its goal is simply to impart information, not make claims or arguments on its own. I will be judging it mainly on the sources gathered, numerous examples and explanations given and the overall effectiveness it possesses in effectively communicating its ideas.

Corporate governance is the set of processes, customs, policies, laws and institutions, which directed, administered and controlled over the corporation (Monks & Minow, 2008). Corporate governance is a way by which a company governs itself for providing the values to their stake holders. The WorldCom did not follow the corporate governance policy. If the WorldCom would have followed the corporate governance it would have not led towards this business failure and company would have not gone for the unethical practices conduct in the organization. Corporate governance would have increased the faith of stakeholders towards the company and company would have survived for long time (Monks & Minow, 2008).

For that reason the principles of corporate governance apply on those who assume the ultimate responsibility for success or failure of the organization. (Abou-el-fotouh, 2009)

Now what is this shareholder model of Corporate Governance? The so-called ‘shareholder value’ norm is not simply or even principally a legal rule or principle. It is above all a practice which came to shape managerial behaviour in large, listed American and British firms, and increasingly those in other jurisdictions, in the last decades of the twentieth century[10]. In the words of Hansmann and Kraakman, who offer the most lucid and fundamental explanation of shareholder model, ‘The principal elements of this consensus (shareholder value model) are that ultimate control over the corporation should be in the hands of the shareholder class; that the managers of the corporation should be charged with the obligation to manage the corporation in the interests of its shareholders; that other corporate constituencies,

In recent years，with the failures, people in prominent organisations are going to be requested to consider the applicability of their corporate governance. Moreover, the ‘Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013’ allowed the shareholders in UK have a binding vote on executive compensations. Corporate governance is defined as the regulations which are aimed to control those responsible for administrating an organisation (Boddy, 2014:p99). The wholesome corporate governance has been established through the supervision of external market and the internal positive enterprise culture. It can influence the share price and raising capital costs of a business. The good quality of a firm’s corporate governance is determined by the power of

The main reason to developing Corporate Governance is the protection of investors. Investors need not only reliable financial information, but also corporate governance information to be protected against unethical and dishonest behaviour by management or directors. Corporate Governance is the system which checks and balances both internal and external to companies. Besides, it meritorious to ensure that companies discharge their accountability to all their stakeholders. Moreover, Corporate Governance also acts in a socially responsible way in all areas of their business activity. (Solomon 2013). Thus, it is vital to analysis a company’s behaviours and evaluated its performance in Corporate Governance. (Monks. R and Minow N corporate governance 2009)

The research will highlight the effect on level of value relevance and investor protection due to the 4 selected characteristics of corporate governance in Australia.

The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance states that: "Corporate governance involves a set of relationships between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders. Corporate governance also provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are

The corporate sector constitutes a dominant part of industry. Financial sector reforms along with the development of the capital market are changing the structure of corporate financing. This has led to a separation of ownership and the management and has given rise to the issue of corporate governance, among others. Corporate governance essentially deals with the ways of governing the corporations so as to improve their financial performance. The need for governance arises mainly due

Corporate governance is a model in which processes and relations by which corporations are controlled and directed. It can also be defined as a system of laws and authoritative approaches by which corporations are directed and controlled. This is achieved by considering the internal and external structures of the corporations. The intentions include monitoring actions of management and directors to moderate agency risks, which may be rooted in the misdeeds of corporate officers. This ensures that these risks and conflicts are prevented and moderated using policies, laws, customs, processes, and institutions that have great impacts on the way a corporation is controlled. This corporate governance has great impacts on firm performance,

Corporate Governance is the relationship between the shareholders, directors, and management of a company, as defined by the corporate character, bylaws, formal policies and rule laws. The corporate governance system was designed to help oversee the decisions and best interest of the shareholders. The system should works accordingly: The shareholders elect directors, who in turn hire management to make the daily executive decisions on the owner’s behalf. The company’s board of director’s position is to oversee management and ensure that the shareholders interest is being served. Corporate governance focus is with promoting enterprise, to improve efficiency, and to address disputes of interest which can force upon