Sherman Alexie: What it means to be an Indian in America
“Dr. Mather, if the Ghost Dance worked, there would be no exceptions. All you white people would disappear. All of you. If those dead Indians came back to life, they wouldn’t crawl into a sweathouse with you. They wouldn‘t smoke the pipe with you. They’d kill you. They’d gut you and eat your heart.”
-Marie, Indian Killer, 314
The identity of the modern Native American is not found in simple language or description. Neither does a badge or collection of eagle feathers determine Native American identity. As Alexie demonstrates through the character of Dr. Mather and Wilson, pony-tails and store bought drums are mere materialistic symbols and stereotypes: they have no real value
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Yet the hatred that Marie embraces is intrinsic to the reality she’s come to understand, which, Alexie reminds us, is formed in terms of opposition and argument. She is politically antagonistic because she feels she has to be, and is extremely disrespectful to any white person she might not like upon closer contact. Yet Marie is intensely passionate about education, about her culture, and about the Indian struggle. As Alexie strives to demonstrate throughout Indian Killer, this hatred, while not without cause or inevitability, is the root of racial wars and senseless violence.
In human terms of hate and love, of power and submission, modern day Seattle teems with deeply set racial problems and equally damaging ignorance. Alexie intends that Native American identity be understood in a legacy of relocation and family destruction: he begins his tale centered on the ironically named John Smith and John’s removal from his mother and his culture. John becomes embedded in this hate and violence, yet is never identified as a killer or a murder: in fact, none of the cast is identified as the murderer or the culprit of kidnappings. The entire city of Seattle becomes a leaping bed of violence and destruction through the lives of Alexie’s characters: the characterization of his rich cast promotes racial commonalities in violence and rhetoric, as well as behavior.
Yet while Alexie acknowledges that modern Native American identity is
Marie is from a reservation that discouraged her to find herself in a city full of white people. The white people that she interacts with gives a stereotype that whites are selfish and she has no sympathy for them. Others around her see her as mischievous and a sense of neglection to reality, “Ms. Polatkin, I hardly see how the murder of one poor man has anything to do with the study of Native American literature” she savors the moment that white people are getting what they deserve (Alexie 61). While being an Indian women she was stubborn and got what she wanted. The miscreatiny of Justin Summers death was caused by Marie and her taste for fully manipulating someone, “Women kill with knives” her aggression got the best of her of (Alexie 332). She wants to feel important and heard by others so she protests and goes to dances to embrace her full voice. The killer makes a statement every time they strike because it shows resistance and disobedience. In society sometimes dancing his frown apart in comparison to killing, “the killer plans on dancing forever” Marie will dance and kill forever. In every woman there are motherly instincts whether it is to care for someone such as a child or if it is being disappointed in someone and wishing for better Marie expresses her care of the young boy Mark Jones by returning him to his home unharmed. Curiosity can haunt the mind and lead others into
Adjusting to another culture is a difficult concept, especially for children in their school classrooms. In Sherman Alexie’s, “Indian Education,” he discusses the different stages of a Native Americans childhood compared to his white counterparts. He is describing the schooling of a child, Victor, in an American Indian reservation, grade by grade. He uses a few different examples of satire and irony, in which could be viewed in completely different ways, expressing different feelings to the reader. Racism and bullying are both present throughout this essay between Indians and Americans. The Indian Americans have the stereotype of being unsuccessful and always being those that are left behind. Through Alexie’s negativity and humor in his
Popular culture has shaped our understanding and perception of Native American culture. From Disney to literature has given the picture of the “blood thirsty savage” of the beginning colonialism in the new world to the “Noble Savage,” a trait painted by non-native the West (Landsman and Lewis 184) and this has influenced many non native perceptions. What many outsiders do not see is the struggle Native American have on day to day bases. Each generation of Native American is on a struggle to keep their traditions alive, but to function in school and ultimately graduate.
Deadly Unna? (1998), is a book based on a true story that tells the tale of non-Indigenous boy Gary ‘Blacky’ Black and his friendship with Dumby Red. Set in Port Victoria in South Australia, Blacky’s evolving relationships with the Indigenous kids in the community inspires him to question the underlying racism that exists in society. In this essay, the author’s methods for conveying the theme of belonging to the reader will be evaluated. Subsequently, Gwynne’s generation of racial segregation in the community, followed by the contrasting types of racism demonstrated by the characters, will be analysed.
In her Fire in a Canebrake, Laura Wexler describes an important event in mid-twentieth century American race relations, long ago relegated to the closet of American consciousness. In so doing, Wexler not only skillfully describes the event—the Moore’s Ford lynching of 1946—but incorporates it into our understanding of the present world and past by retaining the complexities of doubt and deception that surrounded the event when it occurred, and which still confound it in historical records. By skillfully navigating these currents of deceit, too, Wexler is not only able to portray them to the reader in full form, but also historicize this muddled record in the context of certain larger historical truths. In this fashion, and by refusing to
The American Psychological Association had found that using representation of the mascots “undermines the educational experiences of members of all communities- especially those who have had little or no contact with Indigenous peoples” (APA). When people view a culture being paraded as a mascot, it can become their singular view and knowledge on the ethnic group. There is nothing to stop the formulation of what students know about Native Americans when there are few natives around. With the allowance of mascots to represent Native American in a way as they do now, wearing headdresses or war paint and using “peace pipes” has become a trend and something “cool” to do. Headdresses are traditionally a part of the Plains tribes and are considered sacred. Only revered warriors or significant people could wear war bonnets or headdresses. Feathers, especially eagle feathers, are very sacred to Native Americans. These appropriations continue to be a negative and demeaning aspect of using Native Americans as
Native Americans make up less than .9% of the United States population. With this trivial number, it is difficult to keep its culture and traditions alive as generations progress. In the short story “War Dances,” author Sherman Alexie morns the loss of Native American identity through a deprecating tone which illustrate a divide between generations.
The American Indian occupies a unique place in the White American imaginary. Indians, one is told, are cordial, wise, poor in the “humble poverty” sort of way, brown, there assist whites with either mystic knowledge or humorous ignorance. Figures such as Squanto, Tonto and Disney’s Pocahontas along with a large smattering of Westerns and cartoonish depictions have created this image of the Native American – an image which rarely translates into the present day. In contrast to this, Sherman Alexie’s novel The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is a Native American coming-of-age story centered around the first-person point of view of the Native protagonist Arnold “Junior” Spirit, Jr. and his dual life on the Spokane Indian Reservation and his time off the reservation at an all-white public school in the town of Reardan, Washington. The novel revolves around themes like race, identity formation and mortality and details life on Indian reservations as it attempts to give a realistic account of contemporary Native American life, each which shape the novel in unique ways.
Crenshaw proves that all forms of oppression must be taken into account, as is the case in pinpointing the root causes of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. In her analysis, she explains how in society, the treatment of women of colour differs greatly from that of white women because of stereotypical depictions of women of colour in media. Although she mainly cites this by delving into the stereotypical representation of Black women, this treatment is crucial to Indigenous women as well. Indigenous women are often seen as negative stereotypes of their cultures, which contributes to the disproportionate rates of violence against them. Kimberle Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality is integral in addressing this systemic and institutional
Before reading this book, I honestly knew little about Native American. I knew that many lived on reservations, but I knew nothing about those reservations. By being brutally honest, Sherman Alexie provided incite to how the everyday life of a teenage Native American is like. This book opened my eyes to the problems that Native American’s face, that I was in the dark about before.
Cowboys and Indians. Cowboys and Indians. Here we're getting all our people killed, and that's the kind of stuff they showed us.” It is almost as if they were mocking the very children that they treated so cruelly. Where is these people’s conscience? Only until the American Indian Movement took place were the Natives allowed to participate in cultural practices. There are still a number of boarding school open to this day that are trying to reeducate Native American’s about their culture. Many of these boarding school are a retreat for the students that are trying to escape the peer pressure and poverty that is found on their reservation. Natives are still haunted to this day because of everything their culture has had to endure. There is still a vast amount of heartbreak. Many Natives turn to substances such as drugs and alcohol to cope and many also turn to suicide, being the population with the highest suicide rate. (Longenecker, 2008) While the schools are a great alternative to their home on the reservation they are struggling to stay open because federal funding has been cut. In the past few decades, tribes have begun taking over boarding
Sherman Alexie Exposing the Effects of Cultural Expectations for Native Americans and Affecting Change in American Society Sherman Alexie was born October 7, 1966 on a Spokane Indian Reservation. His father was an alcoholic and his mother worked at the Trading Post. A ravenous reader with some early health issues, Alexie separated himself from the other Indian children. He excelled in high school and received a scholarship to Gonzaga University. Like his dad, he developed a drinking problem.
The most important scenes in Absolutely True of a Part-Indian Have you ever wondered how people view you? Do you feel like they do not understand your decisions, dreams, or purposes? This is the life of Junior (the protagonist) whose dreams are ignored by his tribes and the people he calls "family". The most significant topics in Absolutely True Diary are: Russian Guys Are Not Always Geniuses and how to fight monsters. This is seen when Alexie uses literary devices to describe Mary’s death to portray that different people have several ways to deal with grief and pain.
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Americans witnessed the end of the Indian Wars, the concentration of American Indians on reservations, and the rapid industrialization and urbanization of American life. Many people assumed that since indians were locked away on reservations, they had little to say about and made few contributions to “modernity.” According to Deloria, technology was one of the factors that made Indians modernized. Automotive mobility helped Indian people evade supervision and take possession of the landscape, helping make reservations into distinctly tribal spaces (Deloria, 153). When American Indians acted in ways that contradicted that Indians were “pre-modern,” non-Native Americans Interpreted these “anomalous” people and instances as either exemplars of the assimilation process or proof that Indians were inherently flawed. For instance, many believed that indians who purchased automobiles had either adopted aspects of a superior culture or profligately waste their meager resources (Deloria, 5,6).
In the early nineteenth century, white supremacy and military individuals claimed that American Indians were dying out; however, other whites disagreed with this and believed that the American Indians were enduring and adapting to the new times under the influence of civilized whites; though there are sources from both sides, it is clear that American Indians did, in fact, endure the changing times and adapt to the modernizing America. American Indians were, from the start, viewed in two different ways by the whites of European descent in America. There were those of a more intolerant and racist nature that simply wished to use the American Indians as slaves or simply eliminate them entirely. The other faction however, believed that converting the American