Susan Wabuda (PhD, Cambridge University) is a professor of Historical Studies at Fordham University, NY. Her specialty is early modern history. She is a member of several organizations such as Ecclesiastical History Society, Society for Reformation Research, and many more. Her published works are Thomas Cranmer, Belief and Practice in Reformation England as well as several journal articles. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE “My Purpose for this monograph has been to augment older studies by J.W. Blench in Preaching in England, G.R. Owst in Preaching in Medieval England, and Millar Maclure in Paul’s Cross Sermons” (6). Wabuda admitted that her work will not surpass the other seminal works, yet serve only to add to the discussion about preaching in the …show more content…
Around England, there were crosses that functioned as pulpits where preacher would address laity. Such a move proved beneficial, for there was more room outside than inside. Soon after, and for the same reasons, preaching took place in the church’s yard. In the second chapter, Wabuda discussed the influence of Erasmus’ Ecclesiastes; preachers now had a textbook. Erasmus’ work emphasized the teaching aspect of the priest. Lay people needed an interpreter since the Bible had been place in the hands of the laity. Therefore, it was important for preachers to be educated, thus the arrival of the educated sermon. Aesthetically, the pulpit was lifted above the people, an effort to enhance the aural and visual aspect of the observer during the preaching moment. In the next chapter, Wabuda explained how, with the dissolution of the monasteries, friar we ushered into two veins. First, they were assimilated in to the surrounding parishes, assuming secular job as well as being able to help fill in to preach when needed. Second, they became itinerant preachers, traveling about, collecting earning for their preaching. Wabuda finally discussed the ornamentation of ‘IHS’ on the pulpit. Of course it directly related to the name of Jesus. It was placed in the chantries throughout England before their destruction under Edward VI’s reign. Yet, Wabuda offered some great insight at to its use and original intention. IHS was placed on banners that hung …show more content…
Historical scholars, questioning the commonly accepted historical timeline of events, causes, and reactions to the English Reformation, even to the point of questioning if the reformation mattered. In an effort to support her stance that the reformation mattered, Wabuda’s discussion of the time and the development of the sermon serve not only to enhance prior scholarship related to English Reformation in the sixteenth century but also, of the reality necessity of the reformation. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS RELATED TO STUDY OF BRITISH
This book provides seven rich chapters illustrations and metaphors which bring out the core of the book. The two strengths embraced in this survey consist of: the well-crafted illustrations on the silent pictures and the masterful metaphors which capture the sermonic distinction of black preaching.
It was such very special time for the community that even the preacher had prepared a special sermon for this moment. Even the author was looking up to "the arch of heaven so religiously [her] neck kept a steady ache" (835).
The needs and wants of the masses were not taken into consideration. In this essay I am going to look at England pre-reformation and reach my own opinion of whether or not England was actually in need of a reformation in 1529.
It is the most famous sermon is American Literature. It is representative of the Great Awakening. It was a revival sermon, the goal was to gain conversions to Christ, the sermon used detailed imagery as rhetoric, it was Calvinistic. But, it didn’t focus on the role of the local church. It assumed the conventional preaching had not produced conversions. It also assumed that the listeners were goats in sheep’s clothing.
Furthermore, Hughes uses the rhetorical device of allusion when he writes about his aunt’s bringing him to the church for a special meeting. When he writes, “Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, ‘to bring the young lambs to the fold’’’ (1), he attempts to correlate his invitation to salvation to a Biblical parable. Along with his reference to the Bible, he conveys the church member’s excitement with vivid imagery. He illustrates the church’s setting as being infuse with “all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire pictures of hell”, and he also describes the preacher’s sermon as a “wonderful rhythmical sermon” (3). Conjointly, Hughes presents imagery of the churchgoers and alludes to a Biblical story in order to demonstrate the magnitude of the religious enthusiasm of the members of the church.
Wacaster’s book, which is (as the title suggests) centered on Paul’s epistle to the Galatians, is very obviously intended to the common-level, “average” audience. Wacaster does not delve into complex conversations of textual variants, manuscript discrepancies, and disputations of authorship, nor does he use vocabulary or phraseology that is above the understanding of most individuals. Rather, Wacaster is simple, straightforward, and effective in communicating his points on the wonderful book of Galatians. With many commentaries that are written at a graduate and scholarly level, a more basic approach is much appreciated and needed.
Let us now examine the time of the Reformation, beginning proper in 1519 with Luther’s quarrels with the Roman Catholic church and ending in the eighteenth century with Wesleyanism, the reformation of theology that occurred within the Church of England.
Response: “Alan Potter (2014) wrote that John MacArthur warned us that if we lose the biblical foundation while preaching this will lead to the decline of preaching which will contribute to the weakness and worldliness of the church, so for a church to be spiritual healthy, preaching should return to its proper biblical foundation (https://www.linkedin.com). Paul told Timothy that by preaching the Scripture, man and women could be wise for salvation (2 Tim. 3:15 NKJV). They learn the way of salvation through the Bible which the Holy Spirit taught the preacher to use, they should not use their own words dictated by man’s wisdom (1 Corinth. 2: 13
The inscriptions of Bible verses in Low German in Christ Blessing, Surrounded by a Donor Family are also indicative of the influence on Protestant beliefs on the painting. Prior to the Reformation, the Bible (like all Catholic liturgy) was always read in Latin. However, Latin was a language that was only comprehensible to the clergy and to a small class of very well educated and wealthy individuals. The vast majority of Europeans did not comprehend Latin and, therefore, they had to rely on the clergy to interpret the Bible’s teachings. Moreover, prior to the invention of the printing press Bibles, like all other books, had to be copied by hand. Since this was a time consuming and expensive process, Bibles were not widely dispersed. At the start of the Reformation, Gutenberg designed the printing press. The revolutionary invention of the printing press enabled the mass production of books and a reduction in their cost, which allowed a much larger audience to own Bibles.5 Furthermore, the translation of the Bible into the vernacular allowed a much wider audience to read and interpret it for themselves.6 The wide dissemination of relatively inexpensive Bibles in the vernacular served as a powerful catalyst for the spread of Protestantism. The inscriptions on the painting are indicative of the Protestant desire to disseminate the Bible broadly. Moreover, they derive from a copy of Johannes Bugenhagen’s translation of the bible
13. ‘01 Discuss the political and social consequences of the Protestant Reformation in the first half of the sixteenth century.
Charles B. Hodge, Jr., is a prolific writer and a minister of the Church of Christ. He closes each chapter of The Agony & Glory of the Cross with “The Cross…there is no other way!” Thus, I have taken Reverend Hodge’s declaration for the title of this review. He further explains his thesis of the importance of the cross: “Jesus could not save Himself and still be our Savior. There is no way but the cross.” The unique approach to teaching the New Testament – and Christs’ journey to Calvary – requires several readings, analysis, and return to biblical text.
Many will state "Luther began the Reformation as a religious reformer and ended it as a religious revolutionary." The essence of this statement is that although Martin Luther began as a reformer of the Roman Catholic Church, he soon would become the individual to strike the religious revolution. To know the true validity of this statement it is key to understand the difference between a reformer and a revolutionist. In the case of the Reformation, a reformer is an individual that intends to rebuild an already standing institution. As for a revolutionary, they tend to seek quick action and rebuild from entirely new. By analyzing Martin Luther and his steps towards reformation, the validity of this statement will unfold.
The intent of this paper is to evaluate the distinct character and quality of the expressions of the Protestant Reformation. This paper will discuss Lutheran Reformation, The Anabaptist, and The English Puritans as well as the Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation. It is the hope that after the reader has had the opportunity to view each of the characteristics and the expressions of each of the reformation the reader will have a better understanding of each and will be able to articulate the differences of each.
The Gospels of the New Testament contain 39 different parables told by Jesus (Phillips 2004, 18-19) and no doubt he spoke many more during his ministry. Jesus’ choice to use parables to teach his people is one that has intrigued many people throughout history. The aim of this essay is to get to discover why he chose to use those parables, and also what we can learn from this teaching method when evangelising today.
This is a summary of a No Travel Seminar on a Study of the Gospel of Matthew. The seminar was lead by Dr. John Dunaway who is a professor at NTS and has served as a pastor for over 50 years. After his brief self-introduction, he began his presentation with an overview of the Gospel of Matthew, followed by a more elaborated narrative summarizing the gospel, and he finished with brief closing remarks. Throughout this enthusiastic presentation, Dr. Dunaway made reference to remarks by multiple prominent commentators, which added substance to his narrative, even though none were explicitly stated upfront.