Social Processing Theory

This suggest that attachment has been at the forefront of children’s social relationships. Attachment substantially contributes to our understanding of why the experience of being physically abused might lead to the development of representations and behavioral patterns that hinder the development of peer relationships. Like Social Learning Theory regarding parental abusive models, attachment plays a major role in how abuse affects children. As such, attachment theory explores the relevance of maltreatment and physical abuse on children. The theory also concludes that children who experience abuse or neglect are likely to develop insecure and disorganized attachments, causing them to extend that same behavior to their own children. This suggests that early childhood adverse experiences influence later parenting behavior (Begle, Dumas & Hanson, 2010).

The importance of Childhood Trauma is associated with the way children react later on in their life, as it plays an important role. There are several different types of maltreatment that are associated with abuse that can harm the child in the long run. Any type of physical abuse, emotional abuse or sexual abuse contributes to the negative affects that can change the child’s personality. If the child’s parents obtain physical neglect or emotional neglect, it can factor in changing a child’s moods, as it causes them to change into a different person. This experience causes them to develop different types of personality disorders such as Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Paranoia, Schizoid, and Schizotypal. Many children are affected through the terrible experience which develops mistrust in the world, and later causes them to turn against society because of the constant neglect that is inflicted onto them.

The core-concept of an individual is largely influenced by one’s ability to regulate internal emotional states and one’s behavioral reactions to external stress. Children who experience trauma have difficulty managing their emotional states thus leading to poor perceptions of themselves. A distorted sense of self can potentially lead to loss of autobiographical memories, poor body image, and disturbances in sense of separateness in which the person may appear detached and distant (Carr, 2012). It may also lead to difficulty with impulse control which includes aggression

In the immediate, as well as long-term aftermath of exposure to trauma, children are at risk of developing significant emotional and behavior difficulties (CWIG, 2012). The most damaging types of trauma include early physical and sexual abuse, neglect, emotional/psychological abuse, exposure to domestic violence and other forms of child maltreatment (Hoch, 2009). Research has shown that children that are exposed to these types of trauma will experience developmental delays including language and verbal processing. Also, they will have risk of poor physiological and psychosocial functioning, and will be vulnerable to emotional and behavioral dysregulation disorders, thus, leading to an increase risk of poor outcomes including substance abuse, suicidality, teen pregnancy and paternity, criminal activity, and revictimization (Hoch, 2009).

One of the factors that will lead a child to become resilient despite a traumatic incidence is a positive affect. The direct correspondence between positive moods such as happiness, acceptance, and interest in activities, the higher their likelihood to avoid being overcome by trauma. This idea has been recently explored and notes that “even in the face of adversity, positive aspects of the family environment may contribute to resilience. These results highlight the importance of considering protective developmental experiences….” Bradley, B., Davis, T. A., Wingo, A. P., Mercer, K. B., & Ressler, K. J.

The effects of trauma can be looked at into two separate categories however, they both are interrelated: neurodevelopment and psychosocial development. From the onset of birth, we are born with 100 billion neurons, much more than we will ever need and much more than we will ever have. Between these neurons, trillions of synapses are created. Depending upon the early life experiences in relation to attachments with caregivers and our environment, some synapses will be strengthened whilst others will be discarded.

The risk of exposure connects to Eloni’s access to drugs and weapons which assist him in the behavior he has portrayed. However, the resiliency factors include the availability of the human services department which has placed him under custody. On the other hand, Anamalia’s academic qualifications present a high chance of getting employment. The employability or ability of a caretaker to provide relate to the caretaker’s ability to safeguard children from abuse and trauma (Stewart et al., 2015). This resiliency factor relates to Anamalia alone due to her

Many children are traumatized by the horrific things that happen to them during their adolescent years, and often have no one to turn to. These experiences, also affect their psychosocial development and as a result leave some children developmentally delayed. Antwone Fisher, is a perfect example of how resilience, can be the result of a patient who receives appropriate counseling. Even though, Dr. Davenport crossed certain boundaries within a client-therapist relationship, subsequently his way of practice was very successful for Antwone. Atwone learned a lot form his therapy sessions about anger, and expression of self. He paid close attention to the advice and lessons given by Dr. Davenport to eventually face his biggest stressor facing his family. No longer did Atwone show signs of aggressive behavior towards others, instead he showed love and affection to those close to him. Atwone’s, perspective about life totally changed from the beginning to the end of the

In this article, the author, Jane Evans, discussed a topic that is critical to counselors. Although people who are not in this profession might think a traumatic event in children is just a bad experience and that they can keep going with their lives, it is important to understand how a traumatic event during childhood can shift negatively a person’s view of the world. In such an early stage of life, traumatic experiences can affect the brain in a way that it is difficult to cope. In addition, to many of these experiences can train the brain to be alert all the time. I founded very interesting how the author also shared the different types of behaviors that children with traumatic experiences can develop such as regressions, dramatic reactions,

Trauma and negative attachment experiences can cause different attachment styles. Longitudinal studies have shown that secure attachment is a protective factor for a child’s development (Sroufe, 2005). Children with secure attachments respond with greater psychological resilience to emotional stress. An insecure attachment development, however, is a risk factor, which can lead to the individual experiencing psychological decompression in stress situation or cause more difficulty dealing with conflicts in a socially competent way. Children with insecure attachment styles often show less pro-social behaviors at the kindergarten age and behave more aggressively than their playmates. In adolescence they are often more isolated, have fewer friendships, and feel that relationships overall are less important for their lives. I never doubted that Cynthia had an insecure attachment style. Deciding on her specific style was more difficulty given that I had to do this in hindsight. For Cynthia, I considered dismissive-avoidant, anxious-preoccupied,

Mister might be at the higher risk in terms of interpersonal factors than those of individual. Since, he lives without adult monitoring. The relationship between Mister and his mother, Gloria, is considerably problematic. Gloria is totally incapable of meeting Mister’s physical and emotional needs. In response to maternal neglect, Mister exhibits aggressive and noncompliant behaviors. At this developmental stage, adolescents still need adequate parental supervision and only effective parenting skills could have protected Mister from the traumatic experiences (Nader, 2008). Moreover, Mister does not have a proper adult role model (father, any relatives, teachers, or neighbor etc.,), which is a significant disadvantage for his developmental

What factors and procedures determine socio-psychological resiliency in adult survivors of childhood abuse and how can resiliency be fostered based on these factors?

Vulnerability and resilience among children continues to be a popular topic in research of developmental psychology. The two definitions are closely tied together as they are considered both sides to the spectrum. Schaffer (2006) defines vulnerability and resilience “as the susceptibility to develop malfunctioning following exposure to stressful life events, as opposed to the capacity to maintain competent functioning stress”. If stressful life events are the trigger here, why is it that some children are far more vulnerable, yet others are more resilient? The three studies discussed in this paper will attempt to explain why these differences occur and what can we do to enhance protective factors.

Social cognition is the zone of social brain science that inspects how individuals see and consider their social world. Research on negative deduction and emotional wellness has been censured as concentrating solely on attribute like individual contracts and overlooking potential social impacts. In any case, little advance has been made in concentrating on social impacts. Pessimistic musings are created by imbued designs identified with our own convictions: about self-regard, security, cash, individuals, life, and everything else. Negative considerations, words, and demeanor make negative and troubled sentiments, dispositions and conduct. At the point when the psyche is negative, toxic substances are discharged

Attachment and security serve as further causes of abnormal psychology. As above, the attachment model of psychopathology also places emphasis on the relationship between the parent and child but, rather than focusing on the perceptions of the child, there is a focus on the characteristics of the actual relationship. It is believed that if a parent does not provide a feeling of security, trust and love then the child will develop a negative view and, thus, result in an inability to regulate emotions and feelings. As a result, the child will be at a greater risk of developing a disorder.