Spinal Cord Injury Research Paper

Now that I have shared a brief overview of the spinal cord and some statistics about spinal cord injuries, we will look at the past research that has led to the treatments most commonly used today. In 1990, a steroid called dexamethasone was discovered in human trials to preserve some motor and sensory function if administered at high doses within 8 hours of injury. Surgery used to remove fluid, tissue, or bone fragments, or to stabilize fractured vertebrae by fusing bones or inserting hardware has also proven to be one of the most thorough measures to prevent further harm. I received both of these treatments after my accident, and they are the same that have been used for the past decade. Until recently, doctors had no way of limiting such disabilities, aside from stabilizing the cord to prevent added destruction, treating infections, and prescribing rehabilitative therapy to maximize any remaining capabilities.

A Spinal Cord Injury is damage to any part of the Spinal Cord nerves at the end of the Spinal Canal. Every Year, 17,000 Spinal Cord Injuries are reported in the USA alone. The Most Frequent age for Spinal Cord Injuries is 19. Almost 200 Spinal Cord Injuries were reported for High School Football. People who suffer from SCI (Spinal Cord injuries) can experience muscle weakness, poor coordination, and overactive reflexes.There is many

After researching about paraplegic and quadriplegic, it has been determined how they occur and in what parts of the body they affect. According to John Hopkins Medical, if a person suffers with paraplegic or quadriplegic, it is caused by damage to the spinal cord. To determine whether a person has a spinal injury, doctors will use clinical signs to help determine the severity of the injury. When the spinal cord has been injured, the patient might feel pain, and some disorders; such as motor or sensory. When this occurs, it allows the doctor to determine the cause of the injury, however; most spinal injuries are caused by traumatic accidents. The two

King will be talking about how dangerous football is. There will be knee cartilagae tears. I will also be talking about spine injuries. The final thing is death. Thatnis all.

Spinal cord injuries can be extremely debilitating with significant impairment in autonomic, sensory, and motor function (Coll-Miro et al., 2016). The prevalence in Canada is on the rise with approximately 86,000 individuals suffering from such injuries as of 2010 (Noonan et al., 2012). Spinal cord injuries are generally classified as either traumatic or non-traumatic, depending on etiology (Sabapathy et al., 2015). In addition, they are subdivided into either complete or incomplete, depending on whether the spinal cord section is fully or partially damaged (Wilberger and Dupre, 2015). The latter classification has better clinical outcomes as some neurologic function is reserved (Wilberger and Dupre, 2015). Other subtypes include paraplegia and quadriplegia denoting paralysis of the lower body or all limbs, respectively (Wilberger and Dupre, 2015; Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). The pathogenesis of spinal cord injuries is characterized by primary tissue damage due to the force of impact, followed by secondary tissue damage as a result of the inflammatory response (Sabapathy et al., 2015; Coll-Miro et al., 2015). The symptoms and severity may vary depending on the location and pathology of the contusion (Sabapathy et al., 2015). Presenting symptoms include but are not limited to numbness or pain in the extremities, loss of sensation, impaired movement or gait, abnormal reflexes, disrupted bladder or bowel function, and sexual dysfunction (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Several

Spinal cord injuries result from a fracture or dislocation of the vertebrae that is typically due to a sudden, forceful blow to the spine (“NINDS Spinal Cord Injury Information Page”, 2016). According to Early (2006), A traumatic accident, such as a shooting, stabbing, car accident, or diving accident, may result in a spinal cord injury (p. 535). According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2016), Damage to the spinal tissue results from displaced or shards of vertebral bone fragments, damaged ligaments, or discs that bruise or tear the delicate tissue and destroy axons. Destruction of axons result in the inability to carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body (“NINDS Spinal Cord Injury

Online scholarly article that provides general information about spinal cord injuries. The article describes what a spinal cord injury is and treatment methods that may be beneficial for individuals who have sustained a spinal cord injury. The article states that individuals with high level injuries will usually require respiratory support, and individuals will benefit from rehabilitation programs and skill-building exercises. The article provides the prognosis for complete and incomplete spinal cord injuries and briefly discusses research that is being conducted in regard to spinal cord injuries.

For a trial period, the stimulator is placed on your skin, not under it. Only the leads that connect the stimulator to the spinal cord are implanted under your skin. The exact location of the stimulator depends on where you have pain.

Spinal cord trauma affects a multitude of individuals globally. Many common spinal cord injuries occur frequently from motor vehicle accidents, athletics, falls, and disease and are not curable (Center NSCISC 2013). Depending on the area that is damaged, there are numerous consequences of spinal cord injuries that affect the body in different ways. As individuals age, their susceptibility to such injuries significantly increases and is frequently caused by falling. However, anyone is susceptible to spinal cord trauma. In the United States, 906 individuals per one million have some sort of spinal cord injury. The peak age of those affected is younger than thirty and the elderly. The most prevalent reason comes from automobile accidents and

A spinal cord injury is defined as any damage done to the spinal cord that causes changes in function. Until recently, there was little knowledge known about the aftermath effects of a post spinal cord injury. Two different research teams decided to test the aftereffects that spinal cord injuries have on the well-being of a person. Both research teams tested the well-being of patients based on a multitude of different factors; such as, religion, gender, income, age and many other factors.

In the article “Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury” Neil H Riordan discusses that adult stem cells can treat spinal cord injuries. The spinal cord is a tube like structure that runs from the base of the skull to the end of the spine. If this is injured, it may cause loss of muscle movement, muscle control, sensation and body system control.This is usually caused by motor vehicle accidents, bad falls or sporting accident that fracture and crush the vertebrae. People can cope with their disabilities by going through physical therapy; however, spinal cord injury can be treated with allogeneic human umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells and autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells. Treatment such as this can be done by injecting a total

In an individual with quadriplegia due to SCI, injury is usually sustained to one or more of the vertebral structures of the spinal column between the levels of C1 and T1, causing damage to one or more of the first eight spinal nerves. When naming the level of injury, the specific vertebral segment involved will be identified by the first letter in which it is named followed by the last spinal nerve root which remains intact; for example, if an individual has a fracture to a cervical vertebra and innervation of the triceps remains, the injury would be identified as a C7 injury. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) developed a guide to help identify the level of injury called the ASIA International Standards for Neurological Classification

Neurogenetics Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

Generally, paraplegia and quadriplegia are products of damage to the spinal cord via trauma or severe medical diseases. Individuals with paraplegia suffer from immobility of the lower extremities, almost always confining them to wheelchairs or other means of assistance. Specifically, when the lumbar and sacral nerve roots are impaired in the spinal cord, paraplegia is the outcome. When the cervical region of the spine is injured, stemming lifelessness of all four limbs, quadriplegia is the result. Spinal cord wounds are most frequently due to accidents such as automobile collisions or extensive falls. The adolescent population is most susceptible to these types of incidents. The dispersal of paralysis depends on the nature of the damage to the spinal cord. Some side effects of these injuries include discomfort, motor and sensory complications, and reflex irregularities.

Book reference that gives detailed information about spinal cord injuries. The book provides results of spinal cord injuries such as paraplegia and tetraplegia, complete vs. incomplete spinal cord injuries, types of clinical syndromes, prognosis for recovery based on the severity of the injury, medical management, and complications caused by spinal cord injuries. The book provides detailed information of occupational therapy interventions for spinal cord injuries, and an informative resource outline that illustrates the expected functional outcomes of each individual level of spinal cord injury.