Stories of Our Earth: Causes for Ice Ages and Their Impact on Geography

Out wash has small sediments sorted in layers, and Till has large sediments not sorted into any layers. Till can leave behind features like Kame, Drumlins, and Moraines. Drumlins are elongated hills of till. Drumlins can be found in Central Minnesota and/or South of Brainerd. Moraines are very large ridges of Till. Moraines can be found in West/Central Minnesota. Outwash can leave features behind like Outwash Plains and Eskers. An Outwash plain formed by melt water of a glacier. Outwash plains are important because they are very great for farming which is a huge part of America. Glaciers can leave behind features like Kettle Lakes. Kettle Lakes formed by ice chunks falling off the main glacier, causing an indent on the earth's surface. Then the ice chunk will melt causing the hole to fill up with water. Most of Minnesota’s Kettle lakes are in Moraine/Terminal Moraine

Earth has experienced many episodes of dramatic climate changes with different periods in earth history. There have been periods during which the entire planet has been covered in ice and at another time it has been scorchingly hot and dry. In this regards, earth has experienced at least three major periods of long- term frigid climate and ice ages interspersed with periods of warm climate. The last glacial period which current glaciers are the result of it, occurring during the last years of Pleistocene, from approximately 110,000 to 10,000 years age (Clayton, 1997). Indeed, glaciers present sensitive indicators of climate change and global warming and by estimating and monitoring the dynamic evolution of these ice masses, several

In 1827 Louis Agassiz was the first to scientifically propose that the Earth had experienced a past ice age, which he said could explain previous observations that erratic blocks of alpine rocks scattered over the slopes and summits of the Alps, had been moved there by glaciers. He presented the theory that ancient glaciers had traveled throughout the entire northern hemisphere and deposited these rock formations along the way. Though many before him had theorized moving glaciers, he was the first to label this period of time as the Ice Age.

The passage declares numerus reasons in hope of justifying the real causes of Little Ice Age existence during 1350 till 1900 CE. On the contrary, the lecture challenges all the aforementioned theories by passage and believes inasmuch as the outdated information used by passage all those clarifications are merely sheer implausible misconceptions. In what follows, three major hypotheses and their critics will be delved into nut briefly.

Outwash and till are similar but different at the same time and this is why they are both deposited by glaciers, but the way they are deposited is what makes them different. Till is simply the sediment left by the ice, outwash is deposited by the running water coming off of the melting glacier. Because water can sort sediment, and ice cannot, that is why the till is unsorted. Sorting just means when the rocks are sorted by size, bigger pieces together on the bottom, smaller pieces together on top. Glaciers are constructive and deconstructive they are deconstructive because they tear up land and the glacier does not stop for anything but it is easy to avoid. Glaciers erode the land and create landforms such as kames, eskers, and drumlins those terms will be explained a little bit later. Glaciers create valleys by shearing away the mountainside and moving it away. Some of the landforms that glaciers produce are drumlins, terminal moraine, outwash plain, and an erratic. Drumlins are elongated, teardrop-shaped hills of rock, sand, and gravel that formed under moving glacier ice. A terminal moraine is where the glacier reaches its max and starts receding making a deposit of till. An outwash plain is a flat area made by meltwater carrying outwash from the leading edge of the glacier. An erratic is a rock or boulder carried from a place where the Rock is common to an area where the rock is not

Global warming is the warmth of Earth’s temperature by the sunlight as a main cause. 30 percent of the sunlight reflected back into space by clouds, and the remaining 70 percent is absorbed by land, air and ocean. Solar energy does not stay bound up on Earth’s environment perpetually. Global warming is a phenomenon, it has started from the last century. It impacts on Earth and that can lead to climate change in the world. A lot of scientists have approved that global warming is a fact and have approved natural changes and they discovered the reason behind that is global warming. “Understanding the cause of the Pleistocene ice ages has been a significant question in climate dynamics since they were discovered in the mid-nineteenth century. The identification of orbital frequencies in the marine record, a proxy for global ice volume, in the 1970s demonstrated that glacial cycle are ultimately paced by astronomical forcing” (Jeremy. D. 1). Therefore, we should save our planet by preventing global warming from happening.

The Oak Ridges Moraine is landform located in south central Ontario, Canada. It expands from Caledon and Rice lake river. Furthermore, it covers about 1,900 kilometers in Geographic area and is the most important landforms in Ontario. The Oak Ridges Moraine is made out of 4 wedge shaped structures running east to west ( Uxbridge, Pontypool, Rice Lake, and the Albion Hill wedges ). The wedges are separated from east to west and was formed by sedimentation, the Rice Lake wedge is separated from the other three moraines and is south of Rice Lake. The moraine is made out of major geophysical structures that shape the Oak Ridge Moraine. The western portion of the moraine is by the Niagara Escarpment, the escarpment channels give a way for a

There have been at least five major ice ages in the pass one billion years. The most recent was called the Pleistocene Ice Age, which began about two million years ago. Interglacial periods occurred where temperatures increased slightly and the glaciers would melt and retreat.

In the essay, “Global Warming is Eroding Glacial Ice,” Andrew C. Revkin argues that global warming is the primary cause for many of the world’s natural disasters; including flash floods, climate change, and the melting of the polar ice caps. He includes multiple accounts of expert testimony as well as a multitude amount of facts and statistics to support his theory that global warming is a threat to the world. However, in the essay “Cold Comfort for ‘Global Warming’,” Phillip Stott makes the complete opposite argument. He argues that global warming is nothing to be worried about and the melting of the polar icecaps is caused by the interglacial period we are currently in. After reading both of these essays and doing

A glacier occurs when the climate of an area is so cold that new snow does not completely melt each summer and more snow is added in the winter. After many winters the accumulation of this snow becomes compact and re-crystallizes, thus forming a glacier. Currently, glaciers cover about ten percent of the Earth's surface. Yet, in the past, glaciers covered much more land and were thousands of meters thick. (Tierney)

The world warmed by about 0.7°C in the 20th century. Every year in this century has been warmer than all but one in the last century (1998). If carbon-dioxide levels were magically to stabilize where they are now (almost 390 parts per million, 40% more than before the industrial revolution) the world would probably warm by a further half a degree or so as the ocean, which is slow to change its temperature, caught up. But CO2 levels continue to rise. All this affect the ice pack in the Arctic. As temperature rises, ice melts. This causes many problems.

When I observed the stream table I noticed that, the water was moving the sediments so powerful and it made a deep path through the sediments.To explain, the water was powerful enough to move something in seconds while for most children, it takes minutes to even make a distinguished hole in the sand. Also, in the stream table I observed that, the water created a small delta in the “stream “.This means, that even in a small classroom experiment it created a small version of a landform.Adding on, in my stream table observations I also noticed that even though there wasn’t much water so much happened with the sediments.To explain, when Mrs.Rodis poured the water at first it was a very small amount but it impacted the sediments so fast.Water is a very powerful resource it can impact through both weathering and

Europe had experienced a general cooling of the climate between years 1150 and 1460 and a very cold climate between 1560 and 1850. This event came to be known as the “Little Ice Age.” This cold weather had impact on agriculture, health, economics, emigration, and art and literature . The term “Little Ice Age” was named by Francois Matthes in 1939 to describe the most destructive climate drop in Europe. This ice age was consisted of mountain glaciers which brought temperatures as low as 2 degrees Fahrenheit. Numerous people got sick and some were even killed and starved to death because of a famine. Farms and villages were lost due to the cold weather. It is unknown on what caused this “Little Ice Age.” We do know that this event impacted

As time goes on, the intelligence of humankind continues to advance. In modern times, we see these advancements in products like smartphones and AI gadgets. In previous times, however, we can see the earliest form of human intelligence in the form of agriculture. Ultimately, the Ice Age opened up the possibility of agriculture and with that, provided a foundation for everything to come in the following centuries.

The alpine orogeny is an arcuate mountain chain in Europe that runs across the countries of Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland (Froitzheim et al. 2008) Its length is 1000km, and width falls between 120 and 250km. The Alps are divided into four subdivisions, which include the Central, Southern, Western, and Eastern portions (Figure of map). Two cenozoic basins represent the eastern end of the Alps. The Vienna basin compromises the north while the Styrian basin is in the south, hiding any tectonic units (Froitzheim et al. 2008). East-west orientated valleys that are products of the Tertiary age Periadriatic Fault create the boundary of the Southern Alps from the other subdivisions (Froitzheim et al. 2008). Below the Southern Alps is the Po basin, which is a foreland basin of the Southern Alps. A geographic boundary doesn’t exist between the Southern Alps or the Dinarides, so it is accepted that they are a continuation of the Southern Alps. This is likewise with the Pyrenees south of the Western Alps, and the Jura Mountains North. The north-south orientated fault zone called the Sestri-Voltassio creates the boundary between the Alps system and the Apennines Mountains (Froitzheim et al. 2008). The geographic boundary between the Eastern and Central Alps is drawn from Lake Constance southward to Lake Como. The boundary between the Central and Western Alps is