The authors of the article “Genome-scale data reveal that endemic Poecilia populations from small sulphidic springs display no evidence of inbreeding” addressed the following three questions in their research study: How variable are these putatively separate populations of endangered fish? What is the demographic history of these populations? Should these highly endemic extremophile populations with limited ranges be considered separate units for the purpose of conservation? These questions are important for how governments determine whether or not a species is put on the endangered list, and how conservation efforts are implemented. The researchers tested their questions by collecting samples from three different study sites in sulphidic …show more content…
However, La Gloria had the most negative inbreeding coefficient, and La Esperanza and Baños had less negative, more similar inbreeding coefficients. The results of analyzing population structure included 7.17% of the variance in the data set and 3.26% of the variance separating each population into different clusters. A maximum-likelihood bifurcating tree showed that Baños and La Gloria were most closely related. The results analyzing the population demographics included that the two P. sulphuraria populations were more closely related. It was also found from the demographic models that migration occurred from the Baños and La Gloria ancestral populations, and that there are recent migrants from the La Gloria to the Baños population and from the La Esperanza to the La Gloria population. The researchers concluded that the Poecilia populations, which have geographically limited habitats, show high levels of genetic diversity and no indications of inbreeding. This conclusion contradicts findings from other studies. An explanation for the differences between the sexes is sexual dimorphism being common in Poecilia. It was also concluded that the populations are morphologically distinct, and it is not known why misclassifications occurred between the Baños and La Esperanza populations. The populations were also genetically distinct, despite migration, and the assumption was made that the common ancestor was also a
According to the Endangered Species Act, South America is home to many beautiful unique animals that are currently at risk of extinction because of deforestation and poaching. In this essay, I will discuss three examples of how deforestation and poaching have dangerously affected the survival of these animals. The endangered animals I selected are the Maned Wolf, the Blue Throated Macaw, and the Black Caiman.
Many species vital to ensuring that today’s environment will thrive are becoming extinct. If a species is slowly dwindling, and in imminent danger of becoming nonexistent, this species is considered to be endangered. “One in four mammals, one in eight birds, one third of all amphibians and 70% of the world’s assessed plants on the… IUCN Red List are in jeopardy” (IUCN, 2016). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, or IUCN, upwards of 16,000 species are threatened with extinction, including both plants and animals (IUCN, 2016). Before becoming endangered, a species will show warning signs, either by starting to lose biological diversity or by losing the habitats for that species to flourish in, or in the worst case, both. The word endangered can sometimes be confused with threatened, extirpated, or extinct. Extirpated refers to the state of a species where its population has died out in a certain area or range, but other populations of said species still exist elsewhere (Olden, Julian D., 2008). When a species is considered threatened, or vulnerable, this refers to the state of the species being susceptible to endangerment and extinction (“Extinction crisis escalates”). So if a species is threatened, the first signs of endangerment come along, which are similar signs to that of a species in danger of becoming threatened, including lack of genetic diversity, or overhunting may be evident. (“Extinction crisis escalates”). When a species is labelled
There are twelve species within the same genus and have subtle variations in physical appearances, all living in freshwater, but due
According to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, f 1,225 endangered species of animals and plants listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 481 are from Hawaii (Perry, 2016). Hawaii is known to have many special species all over. While we were in Hawaii, we was constantly told how rare and special the species that we were learning about. It is upsetting to know that many people will not be able to see even half of the rare species. We were even honored to be able to see the Hawaii state bird, Nene, that is endangered during our program. Hawaii is working on how they can save their special species. There is a recovering projects that is apart of conservation efforts for endangered animals. In Maui, Kiwikiu is a beautiful bird that is now the
Over the past decade, permitted by the Species at Risk Act (“SARA”), the former Conservative Government of Canada made a series of decisions that raise troubling ques-tions with regard to the conservation of endangered species in Canada. This essay exam-ines how the lenient wording of SARA permitted the Federal Government to circumvent the intent of the Act and to inadequately protect the country’s endangered species.
In the article “How to Worry About Endangered Species” by Tom Regan, he attempts to explain why we shouldn’t give members of endangered species any more rights or importance than individual organisms of any species. According to the rights view, which is the moral view to which he subscribes, we ought to protect endangered species, not because there are fewer of them, but because individual organisms which are part of that species already have valid moral claims and rights. Regan believes that to single out the endangered species for protection solely on the basis of their diminishing numbers leads to the misunderstanding that these animals should be the only ones to be protected and included in our moral community. He continues further to
There is a continuous, uncertain scientific argument among biologists with respect to the speciation of populaces: would they say they are the same species or two separate species? The argument in this paper is, whether the two “Western” Flycatcher populations, Cordilleran population and Pacific slope population are the same species or two separate species.
Many animals have become endangered. The frog and the koala are two of these animals. They have similar things making them become endangered. Although, they also have many different things making them become endangered. Here are some of the things that are similar and different.
Drought, climate change, and human activity has caused the several populations of animals in the Mohave Desert to decrease. I know this because in the article, "Endangered Desert Species Cling to Existence", there are several examples of how creatures are being endangered and why. For examples, Armagosa voles, a rare species in North America, have had their habitats pumped for groundwater by humans and droughts are causing food to be scarce (paragraph 4). Additionally, the Devil's Hole pupfish population has declined due to climate change affecting the heat of their water (paragraph 7). Finally, desert tortoises populations have also come down. Climate changes, particularly droughts, have caused more animals to attack the tortoises and their
With this methodology, the team identified a Ne estimate of 15.3, meaning there are 15 breeding pairs in the population. They also observed a heterozygosity of around 0.49. In all, this means there is low diversity but it is expanding fast. Eradication is unlikely, but the damage can be minimized.
Since the beginning of life itself, some species have lived and prospered while other species have gone extinct never to be seen again by mankind. Because of this, some would claim that extinction is natural and not significantly problematic to the world that we live in. Others, however, understand that due to climate change, habitat loss, and poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered which leads to a chain reaction that can be devastating to ecosystems. Species such as the Chinook salmon, gorillas, tropical sharks, and polar bears are all directly affected by climate change, species such as northern spotted owls, Sumatran tigers, and lemurs are greatly harmed due to habitat loss, and species such as the sea turtle, Javan rhinoceros, African elephant, and the Red-Fronted Macaw are all affected by poaching driving them all closer and closer to becoming extinct.
The question is, how do we predict which animals may become extinct? The IUCN Red List is a system forecasting the probability of endangered species, nicknamed “The Red List.” The Red List is a series of factors that, up until this point, have been effective in identifying what will cause animals to become extinct. It also “categorizes species based on population-level symptoms of endangerment such as population size and trends, spatial distribution, and fragmentation (Stanton et al. 1066). Many environmentalists dispute the idea that climate change should be considered a factor on the Red List, so a study was done to show the rate of extinctions based on Red List criteria when climate change was included. The Red List says that conservation
Did you know snow leopards a wonderful and majestic endangered animal? They’re anywhere between 4,510 and 7,350 left in the wild. Snow leopards are found at altitudes between 9,800 and 17,000 feet in the high, rugged mountains of Central Asia. Their range spans from Afghanistan to Kazakhstan and Russia in the north to India and China in the east. China contains about 60% of snow leopard habitat.
Habitat destruction, deforestation, ozone depletion, global warming, and poaching. These actions and ecological happenings are creating a world where animals are going extinct at rapid rates. Our world is on the brink of what scientists believe is the sixth mass extinction. Unlike the five previous mass extinction, the latest one killing a majority of the dinosaurs, the main causes for this current extinction are anthropogenic reasons, not natural events.
Panda is on the endangered species list. It has been categorized in the IUCN list and faces the danger of being extinct. Among the things that make it endangered is that it is threatened by continued habitat loss. Pandas are also characterized by very low birth rate, which means that their numbers will continue to decrease with time. It has also become a target for poaching in those areas where they exist (Johnson and Bonnie 67).