Symbolism In Ernest Gaines's A Lesson Before Dying

In the novel A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, there are many literary devices in which create significance in the story. One as such, is characterization. “Reverend Mose Ambrose was a short, very dark man whose face and bald head were always shining. He was the plantation church’s pastor. He was not educated, hadn’t gone to any theological school; he had heard the voice and started preaching. He was a simple, devoted believer. He christened babies, baptized youths, visited those who were ill, counseled those who had trouble, preached, and buried the dead” (100-101). By using this rhetorical device the author is descriptive of

He’s dead now. All I can do is try to keep others from ending up like this- but he’s gone from us (14). Grant’s first visit to the prison is with Miss Emma and it goes as he expected it to. Jefferson refuses to eat and hardly speaks other than refusing food from Miss Emma since he is going to die anyway. The next two visits went the same way and no progress is made between Grant and Jefferson. Grant then goes to visit Jefferson alone since Miss Emma is sick; which he is not happy about. Jefferson speaks to Grant only to say that he is a hog and that food is for “youmans” (82). Grant tells him that he is a human and that his nanan would not be happy if she heard him say that. Jefferson reacts by eating the food out of the bag with his hands behind his back, behaving like a hog would. Grant has had enough and responds in anger, are you trying to hurt me Jefferson, are you trying to make me feel guilty for your being here (84)? He then goes on to talk about the white men and asks if he wants them to win because right now the odds aren’t in his favor. This is the point in their relationship where Grant speaks his mind and breaks that barrier. Jefferson knows now that Grant isn’t only telling him all of this just because it’s what he wants to hear, there’s a deeper meaning behind it that involves race and

finally, grant starts talking about his work more and at least says that that’s his work. Grant use to feel like leaving everything beside and run away but now he is caring and listening and understanding more about life as Jefferson’s life was ending. Grant’s hardship on Jefferson

In the beginning of the book, Grant views Jefferson’s execution as a miniscule task that is irrelevant to him, but his outlook is completely

During the mid-19th century, the issue of slavery divided the nation between two firmly rooted camps, the southern slave owners and the northern abolitionists. As authors and activists attempted to shed light on the issue of slavery, they appealed to the millions of citizens who were in between camps, whether due to a lack of knowledge or lack of importance in their daily lives. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is one such literary work that helped inform American citizens on the horrors of slavery, offering a first-hand account as Douglass rose from a slave to an educated free man. Within his narrative, Douglass describes his life as a slave and transition into American society with newfound freedom, highlighting the dehumanizing results of slavery. Furthermore, Douglass appeals to the three Aristotelian appeals throughout his novel, synthesizing the argument that slavery should be abolished. Specifically, Douglass makes use of vivid imagery that appeals to readers’ pathos, inciting horror in his audience at the sight of atrocities committed by slave owners. Moreover, Douglass references a number of prominent literary works when forming analogies between slavery and history, appealing to readers’ ethos by illustrating his education and increasing the credibility of his argument. Finally, Douglass utilizes a parallel sentence structure to appeal to readers’ logos by presenting his

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction –Newton’s third law. This law is just as accurate for human interactions; for every content dominant man, there is a sad submissive man. The symbolism used by Ernest Gaines, Henrik Ibsen, Ambrose Flack, and Isaac Asimov is used to show how control over others, leads to sadness for the inferior person in the relationship. These corrupt relationships are shown in A Lesson before Dying using the symbols, the broken books of the black children, the electric chair and Pichot’s kitchen, which help illustrate how groups in control, the whites, will hurt subservient groups, the blacks. Nora’s pet names, the children’s maid, and Krogstad’s letters are symbols found in Doll’s House and help show how one person who has control over another is detrimental for the controled party. Finally, in the short stories, “The Stranger That Came To Town” and “The Fun They Had”, symbols such as the soap bar that killed the fish, the amputations of the Duvitch family and the slot used on the robot teacher, help show how a dominant society harms individual in the minority.

These things give us more information about Grant himself and the world he’s living in. For example, Grant thinks to himself: “Had Jefferson ever hit a home run?... You had to hit it just right, and that took timing and luck. Lily Green hit as many as anyone else… But her luck ran out before she was twenty. Killed accidentally in a barroom in Baton Rouge.” (Gaines, 198) This one quote shows us that Grant is connecting the current events to the past events which is a recurring theme in the story. Grant first wonders about Jefferson and his time in school and then reminisces about his own time in school. Many from Grant’s generation is already dead. This is significant because a theme in the story is that of progression and change. Grant is trying his best to break out of a vicious cycle of racism by educating the younger generation. When Jefferson is sentenced to death Grant is devastated because he thinks nothing is changing. This is proven when Grant thinks to himself: “What am I doing? Am I reaching them at all? They are acting exactly as the old men did earlier. They are fifty years younger, mayber more, but doing the same thing those old men did who never attended school a day in their lives.” (Gaines, 51) This inner monologue reveals crucial information about the true subject of the story. It is not just a story about a one-time incident in a small town; it is painting a bigger picture of what racism is. Gaines expertly

Another symbol in the book is the chair that Jefferson had to be sat in near the end of the book. This had given off certain vibes to many others in the book, such as those who fear what the society has become, to those who seem to think the man who

At the beginning of the book, Jefferson sees himself as powerless in a white-dominated society. Following the Antebellum period in the South, laws made “separate but equal” legal and created the societal view that the black man is unintelligible, uncivilized, and only three-fifths of a man (Brown). The author can relate to Jefferson and uses him as a symbol for the oppressed people because he has also felt in trapped in a predominantly white society (Gaines). Jefferson tells Grant that he is “just an old hog they fattening up to kill for Christmas” (83). He views himself as just an animal waiting to be slaughtered. He cries when he thinks about the stereotypes that have been set by the society; however, the readers witness a reflectional moment when Jefferson says, “manners are for the living” (130). He is reflecting upon how his dignity has been taken away. He only eats his food “like a hog

A hero is not only someone with superpowers but can be anyone. It can be anyone like you or me. A hero is someone who is willing to stand up for other people. The book, A Lesson Before Dying, takes place in Louisiana and is about an innocent Black man convicted and sent to the electric chair. In the story there are real people that Ernest Gaines alludes to. Ernest Gaines makes an allusion to Joe Louis and Jackie Robinson. Beside these two, Mamie Till also stepped up and was audacious. They were all fearless and gave hope to many other people because of what they were doing. These heroes took a stand against society and changed the world for everyone.

While we all would agree that racism is immoral and has no place in a modern society, that was not the case in the U.S. in the 1940s. At the time African Americans were treated as second-class citizens, it was made near-impossible for them to vote, and they were discriminated in many ways including in education, socially and in employment. It was a time in which segregation and racism perforated the laws and society, a time in which African Americans were “separate but equal,” segregation was legal and in full force. Apartheid was also everywhere from the books to in society. Blacks were not truly seen as equal as they were seen the the lesser of the two and it very much felt that way. Blacks were oppressed in many ways including having

Injustice will always exist; the world will never be perfect. However, never has injustice been more prevalent in a society than during the pre-civil rights South. In his novel, A Lesson Before Dying, Ernest J. Gaines explores the injustice of society in Bayonne, Louisiana, in the 1940s. An uneducated young black man named Jefferson has been accused of murder and has been sentenced to death by electrocution. He is not even seen as a man by the “superior” whites, but rather as a hog. Upon the realization that Jefferson will die seen as a hog and nothing better than an animal, Jefferson’s godmother, Miss Emma, petitions the only educated black man in the quarter, Grant Wiggins, to “teach Jefferson to be a man.” While reluctant and frustrated at first, Grant eventually develops a deep connection with Jefferson, and their actions teach the people in the town a lesson about dignity and respect. However, not only blacks were affected by racial injustice. On the other side of the spectrum is a white deputy named Paul. Although he doesn’t face the negative side of injustice, he still is forever changed by his experiences. While Grant, Jefferson, and Paul, are different, one similarity they share is that racial injustice plays a powerful role in all their lives, and in the end, these men do all that they can to fight racial injustice: they win small victories through their actions such as standing up to the system and showing true courage.

Becoming a highly analyzed novel, many critics speak about their feelings. Carl Senna, one a literary critic, discusses the reasons for lack of communication in A Lesson before Dying. A large part of their communication problem comes directly from their class differences. Although Grant is not considered rich, he is well educated and lives rather comfortably, whereas Jefferson is nearly illiterate and has been a struggling farmhand most of his life. This gap that separates them makes it very difficult for them to speak. Neither one of them is at fault for this, but it frustrates Jefferson to the point where he often wants to leave the jail cell and not return. Also Grant speaks with Jefferson "reluctantly, prompted by his aunt, a moralizing scold and a nag"(Senna 5). Another good point Senna makes is that because of the time period, blacks were struggling to become equals and were more engrossed with their own wants and needs than worrying about Jefferson. Yes, they all realized that he is innocent but they are not at a time where they can fight for the innocence of this young boy. Therefore Grant "becomes their instrument in trying to save him[Jefferson] from disgrace"(Senna 5). Jefferson was not seen as much to these

December 18, 1865, marked the end of African-American slavery in America, where-by black people gained more freedom in the land. However, a power imbalance between the black and white is still present. A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines gives readers insight to the immense abuse and hatred towards black people in the 1940s of America and furthers the reader's knowledge of black segregation and how the black people never gave up for their freedom and rights. The novel’s main plot follows Grant Wiggins, a young black man who was given the responsibility to make Jefferson, a black man who was unjustifiably accused of murder and sentenced to death by electrocution become truly a man and not a “hog” which is what the lawyer labeled Jefferson as. Throughout the novel, readers can recognize the great bond created as Grant encourages and aids Jefferson in becoming a man before his “judgment day”. Nevertheless, the novel was not only about Jefferson’s lesson before his death, but it was a lesson for many other characters in the novel. The most important lesson to learn before dying is the lesson of never give up, which can be seen through the actions of Jefferson, Miss Emma, and Grant.

One of the best ways to enhance writing is to use symbolism. Two authors, Lorraine Hansberry and Harriet Jacobs, are good examples of using symbolism in writing. A Raisin in the Sun is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry about the life of the Youngers family, a black family consisting of Mama, the mother of the family, her children Walter and Beneatha, and Walter’s wife and son. This family struggles in a city of hateful white people that wish to crush their dreams and spirit. They experiences lots of tension with the arrival of a check for ten thousand dollars. The money is wanted by everyone in the family, each of which would rather do what they want to do, but Mama, the head of the family decides what to do with the money, creating even more tension among them. The other book, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, is an autobiography about Harriet Jacobs, a slave girl, who suffered before her master for most of the first twenty years of her life, before escaping with her children to the northern states and freeing herself. In both books, the author is very good at using symbolism to enhance their writing. In their literary works, Lorraine Hansberry and Harriet Jacobs use symbolism to increase the meaning of their text by using them to give better explanations, to intensify illustration, and to make comparisons between objects.