Taking a Look at Astigmatism

When damage to certain regions of the brain occurs, conditions may develop where one is able to register visual information but incapable to distinguish anything (Anderson, 2009). Consequently, difficulties with visual impairments can include an inability within the brain to interpret and or process visual information (Anderson, 2009). Thus, visual perception impairments or disorders typically refer to the inability to make sense of information received through sight (the eyes) (Weiten, 1998). One such visual perception disorder is visual agnosia.

Eye Vision Inc, a long-standing medical device manufacturer, has signed a contract to sell Holland Hospital the Clear View Laser and a two-year separately priced maintenance plan for $1 million and $0.2 million respectively. On a when-and-if available bais, Eye Vision Inc. will provide software updats that is embedded with the Laser to maintainance purchasor. The software has never been sold without Laser for its functional necessity. In this memo, as explained below, we conclude that:

There are three types of eye conditions, the nearsighted, farsighted and astigmatism. So first let us know the nearsighted or (myopia), basically means that people who are nearsighted they can’t clearly see a text or a thing that is too far from them and they need to move closer in that certain area, nearsighted people usually experiencing blur vision when they are far well they can read it but then the text itself will turn into a blur one. It can be a common cause of having a blur vision. So here is a sample picture of myopia.

Myopia - is the refractive condition where the farthest point of focus is located at a point near to the observer, and not at infinity. When one is nearsighted, distance vision is blurred at all times while near vision is often excellent within a certain range. There are a number of explanations for this optical condition. The eyeball may be too long, causing the image to be focused short of the retina at the back of the eye. Or, the focusing lenses of the eye are too strong.

Amaurosis fugax is a condition in which you lose your sight in one eye. The loss of vision in the affected eye may be total or partial. It usually lasts just a few seconds or minutes. Then, it returns to normal. Occasionally, it may last for several hours. This is caused by interruption of blood flow to the artery that supplies blood to the part of your eye that contains the nerves needed for sight (retina).

Retinoblastoma is a cancer on the retina of the eye. The retina is the inside layer of the eye that has the nerves needed for sight. This type of cancer can be found in one or both eyes. Multiple cancerous tumors can develop in one or both eyes. Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer and it is more common in children. If a child has retinoblastoma, he or she is often born with it. However, it is rarely diagnosed at birth. It is usually noticed when a photograph is taken of the face and the pupils look cloudy, silvery-white, or yellow. This is known as leukocoria orcat's eye reflex. If found early, retinoblastoma can be treated, the eye can be saved, and eyesight can be preserved.

Cataracts: Cataracts are overcast territories that cover piece of or the whole lens inside the eye. In a solid eye, the lens is clear like a cam lens; light has no issue going through it to the back of the eye to the retina where pictures are handled. At the point when a cataract is introduce, the light can't traverse the lens as effortlessly and, therefore, vision can be disabled. Cataracts frequently shape gradually, without agony, redness, or tearing in the eye. Some stay little and don't adjust visual perception. On the off chance that they get to be huge or thick, cataracts can generally be uprooted by

Anisometropia causes blurred vision usually in one eye inhibiting normal visual perception and thus causing disparate visual input to the cortex Tailor et al., (2016). Clinically anismetropia is described as a difference in refraction between the two eyes Barrett (2004). Tailor et al., (2016) describes strabismus as a misalignment of the visual axes also resulting in incongruent visual input to the visual cortex, thus both anisometropia and strabismus cause binocular dysfunction. The

A cataract is a obscuring of the lens in the eye that affects the power of vision. Mostly cataract are associated with ageing. Cataracts are very common in older people. It can arise either in both eyes and one eye. It is not communicative, hence it cannot be transmitted from one eye to other.

People who can see nearby objects clearly but cannot see or focus on distant objects are near sighted. This problem occurs because the lens converges the light rays to form an image in front of the retina, and by the time the light rays strike the retina the light have rays have begun spreading out again, which leads to blurry vision, and difficulty to see distant objects. A concave lens is used to diverge parallel rays enough for images to form further back, on the retina.

Astigmatism is often a result of a bent cornea. There are two types of astigmatism, regular and irregular. The most common type, regular astigmatism, does not usually progress beyond 2-3 dioptres and can be controlled with spectacle lenses. Irregular astigmatism is a result of disease or injury to the cornea and is controlled with contact

The two most common refractive errors of the eye that are seen, are myopia and hyperopia. Myopia, which is also sometimes called nearsightedness, occurs when the eye can focus on close objects well, but not on the far away ones. The light rays reflecting from faraway objects are focusing in front of the retina. The ability to view far away objects requires that the light be refracted less and will result if the light from the far away object is refracted more than what is necessary. If the lens swells more than its normal, then it will tend to refract the light rays more than normal.

The eyelids are made up of four layers, the skin, muscle, connective tissue and conjunctiva. The process of vision occurs when light waves from an object, enter through the iris. Light then passes through the lens of the eye, a double convex structure that is used to focus the light, and then reaches the retina. Inside the retina are rods and cones. Rods are used to sense light and dark, and cones are used for sensing colors. Whether the light entering the eye hits the cones or rods, a signal is sent across the optic nerve to the brain where it is processed and viewed as an image. Some issues people have with eyesight are as follows. Those who are farsighted are unable to see things clearly at a short distance, compared to a long distance. This occurs when the light that enters the eye is focused behind the retina, and not directly onto it. When the cornea is not curved enough, this happens. Nearsightedness is when one can see objects clear at a short distance, but not at a longer distance, and this is often caused by a change in the cornea. A Blind spot is the location the optic disk, where the optic nerve fiber exits, and at this location there are no cones or rods, so there is a blind spot.

Additionally, such students are not able to effectively use gestures (Fan & Cheung, 2005). Most of the developmental steps of such chilren are delayed due to lack of vison. In emotional context, they may feel helplessness while interacting with others. These children can develop congnitive impairment because they they lack the integrating experience of association and classification and the understaning of these experiences. The other challenge faced with such children to develop their vocabulary. Sighted children can easily acquire these skills by reading, watching facial expressions and movements, but visually impaired children are unable to expereince this and it hinders their capability to improve their vocabulary. Physically, a visually impaired student is constantly rubbing their eyes and is always blinking. Frowning, squinting and holding books at close range are other characteristics of visually impaired individuals. Lastly, visually impaired learners are constantly complaining of dizziness, nausea, itchy eyes as well as blurred vision (Fan & Cheung, 2005).

As defined by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (2) strabismus is a visual defect in which the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions. One eye may look straight ahead, whil e the other eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward. You may always notice the misalignment, or it may come and go. A second disorder, amblyopia, commonly goes along with strabismus. Again, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Amblyopia is p oor vision in an eye that did not develop normal sight during early childhood. It is sometimes called lazy eye. (7) The reason these two conditions are so closely linked relates to how the brain interprets the information received from th e two separate eyes.