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Testing the Effectiveness of the CCTV Cameras in West Palm Beach, Florida

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INTRODUCTION
In recent years, there has been an intense proliferation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance cameras in the United States, as well as abroad (Caplan, Kennedy, & Petrossian, 2011; Gill & Spriggs, 2005; La Vigne, Lowry, Markman, & Dwyer, 2011; Piza, 2012; Ratcliffe, 2006; Welsh & Farrington, 2009). In Great Britain alone, the expansion of CCTV systems is well documented (Armitage, 2002; Gill & Spriggs, 2005; Welsh & Farrington, 2009). This vast expansion can be traced back to the Home Office in Great Britain, where they issued a call to law enforcement agencies to use CCTV-related initiatives as a viable crime prevention strategy (Painter & Tilley, 1999). In 2002, it was estimated that there were over 500 CCTV systems, with approximately 40,000 cameras in operation in the United Kingdom (Armitage, 2002; Gill, Rose, Collins, & Hemming, 2006). Today those figures continue to climb. Farrington and his colleagues (2007) estimated that Great Britain now has over four million cameras in use, or “one for every 14 people, more than any other country,” (Farrington, Gill, Waples, & Argomaniz, 2007, p. 22).
In the United States a similar expansion is evident (Caplan, Kennedy, & Petrossian, 2011; La Vigne, et al., 2011; Piza, 2012). Camera systems have been in operation in many different American cities, including Chicago (Babwin, 2007), Baltimore (La Vigne, et al., 2011), Cincinnati (Hurley, 2002; Mazerolle, Hurley, & Chamlin, 2002), Newark, NJ (Caplan, Kennedy

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