Animal Welfare Act
Casandra Sasaki
Eagle High School
Abstract
The Animal Welfare Act, passed in 1966, establishes guidelines for the protection of animals used for research and other purposes, defines the requirements for facilities housing those animals, and outlines the procedures for inspection and maintenance of those facilities by government entities. This paper explores the pros and cons of the act as well as the effectiveness of the guidelines and their enforcement. Finally, it makes several recommendations based on the evidence presented.
Policy Identification and Explanation
The policy that I am researching is: “United States Code: CHAPTER 54—TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS.” (Animal Welfare Act, 2015). This is the Animal Welfare Act. Because the Animal Welfare act has so many parts to it, the section I am focusing on is: “§2143: “Standards and certification process for humane handling, care, treatment, and transportation of animals” (Animal Welfare Act, 2015).
This specific section is focusing on animal testing in research facilities across the United States. It tells the minimum requirements for animals’ housing, treatment, care, sanitation, etc. This section also states the requirements for procedures done on animals. Section three, part B states: “the principal investigator considers alternatives to any procedure likely to produce pain or distress” (Animal Welfare Act, 2015). The Animal Welfare Act is a federal law,
One such important law that was signed in 1966 was the Animal Welfare Act that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers.
The mistreatment of animals is a serious problem within our society for a variety of reasons. While current laws and conditions are improving, there is still a
There are multiple regulations that cover the ethics of animal testing. The federal agencies that can regulate biomedical research are the Public Health Service (PHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), they implement federal regulations through the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). The PHS base their policy animal subject use on The Health Research Extension Act of 1985. The policy covers living vertebrate animals for PHS supported research, training, or biological testing. (Main agencies included in PHS are the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), also Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) contains several others as well). The Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
§2143(a) (b) and §2149(b), which are part of the Animal Welfare Act, were enacted so that standards of humane treatment can be given to animals used by research facilities, dealers, and exhibitors. The Animal Welfare Act was passed in 1966 because of the increasing concern about the stealing of dogs and cats for use in research facilities (National Anti-Vivisection Society, 2015).
Animals are found throughout lives of humans. As companions, entertainment, test subjects and food, animals serve vital roles throughout our lives.The Animal Bill of Rights, through the Animal Legal Defense Fund, attempts to defend the basic legal rights of all animals. However, to weigh the need for such an act, one must compare the suffering of animals to the benefits such suffering gives to humankind. It’s much more important to highlight the crucial medical advances that lab animals have provided over the injustices they may suffer, but this suffering can not and should not be ignored. It is with measure that we do not enact a bill of rights for animals, however we bring new awareness of animal research and the ethical treatment of all
Although, the Animal Welfare Act has not succeeded in preventing horrific cases of animal abuse in research laboratories. The animal welfare law is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. An article from ProCon.org states, “The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) found 338 possible violations of the Animal Welfare Act at the federally funded New Iberia Research Center (NIRC) in Louisiana.” Testing medical treatments on animals puts the animals in danger for results that are not
This act ensured the safety of animals by enforcing all companies to have licenses for their "practices". The animal that was put on that list are dogs, cats, hamsters, monkeys,
Researchers treat animals right because they use them to uncover cures and treatment that humans can use. Scientist Hollis Cline and Mar Sanchez stated, “that animals in research are treated “humanely and with dignity” (Garner, 2016). These two scientists reassured the reader that animals subjected to testing are treated with respect. They are not treated in bad testing conditions, which may harm the animals and manipulate the outcome of the test. In addition to these scientists claim, there are also laws protecting animals, such as “federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA), and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)” (ProCon, 2017). Treating these animals with dignity is correct by the researchers because the animal is sacrificing his/her freedom to the outside world so it can be experiment on to find medical treatments and cures for
Think of a small or large innocent animal, dying a painful death, all because we humans want to advance and need something to test on. They are only being minimally protected because they are seen as just our “property”. Testing on animals is not the problem, the extremely inhumane way that they are being treated is. Many animals of different species sit in cages of research facilities, instead of being out in the wild where they belong. They are forced to endure multiple tests every day. These tests are harmful, sometimes even deadly. The only thing slightly protecting them is the Animal Welfare Act, But it does not provide very much protection. Those who are supporters of this movement are usually criticized by people who do not
The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is the only federal law that gives protection to warm -blooded animals in research laboratories. Under this law, it is the researchers’ job to make sure that they provide these animals pain relievers, provide them with the best veterinary care, housing, and food. This law only protects ten percent of the lab animals. The rest of the ninety percent of animals in labs aren’t protected: rats, mice and birds. This means legally the researchers do not have to provide these unprotected lab animals with decent care at all. Researchers can choose to treat these unprotected animals however they want and with as many rats, mice and birds as they please. Knowing how unfair the Welfare Act is towards the many lab animals it should be protecting, the voters should inform and show concern to their legislators in order to stop the mistreatment of these animals. The Animal Welfare Act should protect all animals being tested in research laboratories.
“Its enforcement is delegated to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, whose inspectors make unannounced site visits to research facilities” (Latham). This brings up the first loophole in the act because these “unannounced site visits” are not as common as they should be. One pet shop may only be visited once a year which is clearly not enough to deem the establishment law abiding. Secondly, the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 doesn’t protect all animals, but rather a small group of animals. Latham states, “it contains special regulations addressed to certain animal favorites: dogs, cats, rabbits, and monkeys…But in fact the law has never reached the bulk of warm-blooded animals actually used in research”. This seems contradictive to me. Why would you protect only a handful of animals but not the ones most prominently used in testing such as chimpanzees, rats, and guinea pigs? I believe the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 needs to be amended once again to improve its blanket of coverage and increase site visits.
It is human nature to survive at any cost, even if it is at the expense of animals we may typically see in our everyday lives. The use of animals in pharmacological education and research is nothing new and dates way back to the ancient times. The amount of data that has been acquired from these animal testings has allowed for modern medicine to improve and opened new gateways for further development of newer medication, but at what cost?
The Laboratory Animal Welfare Act was amended in 1970, altering the name to the Animal Welfare Act (AWA). An important amendment was constituted in the Act that extended animal protection to “all warm-bodied animals determined by the Secretary to be used for experimentation or exhibition, except horses not used in research and farm animals used in food and fiber research.” In 1976, the Animal Welfare Act was amended to expanded the 1966 on prior regulations covering animal transport and commerce. Additionally, section twenty-six was enacted to make any sponsorship and exhibition of animal fighting unlawful. In 1985, Congress amended, for the first time, to make the law applicable to research animals. For instance, the law needs to adopt procedures that lessens pain and stress towards the animals.
“Federally funded research requires compliance with the Public Health Service policy on the care and use of animals. Institutions and individuals must follow the US
Animal testing is done all the time all over the world and one of the tests done, according to Cruelty-Free International, is injecting or force feeding with harmful injections. The Animal Welfare Institute made clear that the law states that animals should be provided humane care and treatment while being tested on. It also clarifies that all scientists must have a license to do any tests. I also learned