The antebellum period’s perception of Blacks in the United States has continued to have profound effects to this day. There is a perceived liberation of Blacks which is misinformed by the accession of Blacks into higher political positions (e.g. President Obama), which many objective scholars view as misplaced. Michelle Alexander states that law enforcement has become one of the many new conduits of suppression for African-Americans. Most crimes by Blacks are from purposeful setups. This is exemplified by a large number of African-American males in correctional facilities today, as well as the wanton brutality on people of color by law enforcement. Discrimination continues against Blacks. It only changes form. Alexander and other modern …show more content…
The occurrences in Lloyd’s plantation, according to Douglass, preempt any applicability of state laws (Douglass 50). He observed that the slave overseer was, all by himself, the law, the “accuser, judge, jury, advocate and executioner.” What he implied was that the occurrences in the plantations were permissible by the state since they were known to be perpetuated by slaves. Ironically, Douglass observed that his mistress was just a victim like himself of the crude system of slavery. He argues that nature had made his mistress a friend, and the system its mistress, therefore, casting her in the same as he, for it was not the cruel treatment that he loathed, but the fact that he was a slave (Douglass 126). Douglass’s description of the system of slavery speaks largely to how Blacks were conditioned for the prison system during the Reconstruction period. During this time, the state of Mississippi established the Parchman Farm. It was predominantly a labor camp for prisoners (Alexander 32). Slavery had been abolished just a decade earlier. The new source of cheap labor was the prison system. Alexander observes that this era, convict labor had just marked another phase in the long continuum of Black subjugation. She argues that when the appetite for labor was shifted to convict labor, prisoners suddenly became “younger and blacker” (Alexander 32). Therefore,
In the Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: an American Slave, written by himself, the author argues that slaves are treated no better than, sometimes worse, than livestock. Douglass supports his claim by demonstrating how the slaves were forced to eat out of a trough like pigs and second, shows how hard they were working, like animals. The author’s purpose is to show the lifestyle of an American slave in order to appeal to people’s emotions to show people, from a slave’s perspective, what slavery is really like. Based on the harsh descriptions of his life, Douglass is writing to abolitionist and other people that would sympathize and abolish slavery.
The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. I will focus my attention on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. I will also contrast how Douglass' view was very similar to that of the women in antebellum America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then
Racism in the United States has not remained the same over time since its creation. Racism has shifted, changed, and shaped into unrecognizable ways that fit into the fabric of the American society to render it nearly invisible to the majority of Americans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that “[w]e have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it” using the criminal justice system and colorblind rhetoric. (Alexander 2). The result is a population of Black and Latino men who face barriers and deprivation of rights as did Blacks during the Jim Crow era. Therefore, mass incarceration has become the new Jim Crow.
In The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander develops a compelling analogy on how mass incarceration is similar to the Jim Crow era, and is a “race-making institution.” She begins her work with the question, “Where have all the black men gone?” (Alexander, 178) She demonstrates how the media and Obama have failed to give an honest answer to this question, that the large majority of them or in prison. She argues that in order to address this problem, we must be honest about the fact that this is happening, and the discrimination with the African American communities that is putting them there.
In the new proactive book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Michelle Alexander dives into the not so complicated racial issues that plague this country that we tend to ignore. In all of history, African Americans have had to constantly fight for their freedoms and the right to be considered a human being in this society. It’s very troubling looking back and seeing where we have failed people in this country. At the turn of the century, when people began to think that we had left our old ways behind, this book reminds us that we are wrong. Racism is still alive today in every way, just in different forms.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book “The New Jim Crow”, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is
Slavery was brought to America in the 1600’s taking millions of Africans from West Africa. But in 1804 the North voted to abolish slavery but the South refused making states escape the union.Slavery in the South had an effect on the economy, but also on the slaves.Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave with his family in Maryland suffered greatly, but still pushed on and finally escaped and became a national leader of the abolition in the south movement.He made a narrative about his life as a slave and stated that the purpose of the narrative is to “throw light” on the American slave system.The goal of this paper is to discuss three aspects his narrative discusses that he “throws light” on, his position against the feelings of defenders of
The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander tries to advance intellectual dialogue regarding mass incarceration in the United States. Alexander does this by carrying out a historical analysis of the process in which the correctional system controls African Americans through intentionally selected, and systematically sanctioned legal limits. In fact, the United States incarceration rate is not at peak by coincidence. Moreover, it is not coincidental that Black men and women make up the majority of this number. According to Alexander, this problem is a consequence of the “New Jim Crow” rules, which use racial stratification to eliminate black individuals in the legal sense. Black people and a small number of the Hispanic community face racial stratified laws when they face the justice system. This paper will support the claims that race is a major factor in the incarceration of black men in the United States, which includes the Jim Crow system, the slave system and the drag war. This process will also involve analyzing of some of the arguments presented within the book.
There are large racial disparities in incarceration and related detainments for African Americans. They are more likely to be under the supervision of the Department of Corrections than any other racial or ethnic group (H.West, Sabol, & Greenman, 2010). Institutional racism is believed to be the reason why African Americans, especially males, are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. On balance, the public believes that discrimination against black people is based on the prejudice of the individual person, correlates to the discrimination built into the nation’s laws and institutions (Pew’s Research Center, 2017). This belief is actually supported through several experimental studies that provide evidence that African Americans are to be seen as more criminal and threatening than others thus more likely to be arrested or even shot (Greenwald, Oakes, & Hoffman, 2003). Racism within the criminal justice system very much exists and is still relevant.
Racism is a thing of the past, or is it? Michelle Alexander’s, “The New Jim Crow,” main focus is on mass incarceration and how it occurs in an era of color blindness. Alexander also focuses on the social oppressions that African Americans have suffered throughout the years, until now. In this essay, I will discuss how the system of control was constructed, Alexander’s compelling historical analysis, and if the current system would be easier to dismantle. I would like to start by delving into how the system of control was constructed.
Slaves’ future lives all depended on who would “win” them and buy them. For Douglass, it was unbearable to observe human beings cry in desperation and pain. Frederick’s mistress was the only person, besides himself, that was able to experience pure dismay; causing them to ache together and understand the terror.
The institution of slavery has been around for thousands of years in all parts of the world ranging from ancient empires of Egypt to the regions of the Americas. Slavery first started in North America in 1619 in Jamestown and spread to the population of 4 million by the Civil War. Slavery not only was a financial driver but a way of life and that way of life harmed slaves to the point of death. One man’s story helped show the citizens of the United States of America the horrors of slavery and to bring the topic to the kitchen tables around the country, this man was Frederick Douglass. This paper will argue, through the narrative of Frederick Douglass that the widespread brutality and violence existed in almost all parts of the institution of slavery was meant to keep a balance of power with slave owners at the top while slaves were at the bottom.
Douglass’s life as slave was subjected to more cruel punishments than an indentured servant would have recieved.When Douglass described the severe punishment of his aunt Hester given by Colonel Lloyd as
The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave details the progression of a slave to a man, and thus, the formation of his identity. The narrative functions as a persuasive essay, written in the hopes that it would successfully lead to “hastening the glad day of deliverance to the millions of [his] brethren in bonds” (Douglass 331). As an institution, slavery endeavored to reduce the men, women, and children “in bonds” to a state less than human. The slave identity, according to the institution of slavery, was not to be that of a rational, self forming, equal human being, but rather, a human animal whose purpose is to work and obey the whims of their “master.” For these reasons, Douglass articulates a distinction
Douglass’s primary target audiences are those from the North, in favor of convincing the abolitionists to produce a change. Stowe’s intention is to convince her northern audience that slavery was evil and could no longer be acceptable. The importance of deconstructing both of these anti-slavery acclamations is that they should make the reader think passionately while learning about the difficult struggles all black people had to endure during this unruly period in history. Although Frederick Douglass’s disposition against slavery is expected of him since he is a former slave, he backs up his statements with convincing explanations. A prime example of Douglass’s bitterness towards slavery is the fact that as a boy, he experienced no love or affections; that is until his master sent him to Baltimore to live among relatives. On page 1195, Douglas shares his experience with his new mistress, “And here I saw what I had never seen before; it was a white face beaming with the most kindly emotions; it was the face of my new mistress, Sophia Auld. I wish I could describe the rapture that flashed through my soul as I beheld it.” What Douglass believes is the opportunity to be finally treated with goodness and affections by a motherly figure, backfires on him in a short matter of time. Here the author describes how powerful “the influence of slavery” quickly takes over the conscious of first time slave owners, “But, alas! This kind heart had