The Apartheid And Racial Segregation

Ida Wells-Barnett was born on July 16. 1862 in Holly Springs, Mississippi, just months before her plantation slave parents were declared free when the Emancipation Proclamation took effect on January 1st, 1863. Although all slaves in the South were freed, all blacks were met with prejudice in every way possible. Because of the deeply rooted racism and dehumanization of blacks in the “new South”, and the lynching’s of some of her closest friends, Wells-Barnett was compelled to write and publish Southern Horrors in 1892. This was written to educate and enlighten the public of the countless lynching’s taking place and other acts of injustice occurring throughout the south against blacks. Wells-Barnett sought to reveal the true, root cause of

Ida B. Wells also bought an interest in the _New York Age_ and wrote two weekly columns entitled "Iola's Southern Field," and kept increasing her oral and written campaign against lynching mainly through lectures and editorials. Some of these works by Ida B. Wells include _Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases_; _A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States_; and _Mob Rule in New Orleans_ (1900). In all of these works, Wells argues and contemplates the economic and political causes of racial oppression and injustices. In her writing she analyzes racist sexual tensions, and explains the relationship between terrorists and community leaders, and urges African-Americans to resist oppression through boycotts and emigration. Her

Ida B. Wells (1862-1931) was a newspaper editor and journalist who went on to lead the American anti-lynching crusade. Working closely with both African-American community leaders and American suffragists, Wells worked to raise gender issues within the "Race Question" and race issues within the "Woman Question." Wells was born the daughter of slaves in Holly Springs, Mississippi, on July 16, 1862. During Reconstruction, she was educated at a Missouri Freedman's School, Rust University, and began teaching school at the age of fourteen. In 1884, she moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where she continued to teach while attending Fisk University during summer sessions. In Tennessee, especially, she was appalled at

In “The Case Stated” (1895), Ida B. Wells asserts that failure to speak up against racial injustices contributed to the lynch law phenomenon and the loss of many African American lives. Wells supports her claims by giving examples of injustices served to African Americans such as slavery, a constitution that fails to promote equity, and false accusations and lynching’s that resulted in the deaths of thousands of African Americans. In order to convey her passion and desire for change, Ida B. Wells pleads to all Americans, both black and white, to fight for change and stop “avow(ing) anarchy, condon(ing) murder, and defy(ing) the contempt of civilization” (74). Ida B. Wells is not asking for pity for African Americans, she is asking for all

During the latter 19th and early 20th centuries racism and racial segregation were considerable problems. Mob violence, including lynchings were responsible for the deaths of thousands of black men, women and children, often for crimes they had no part in or which were not even committed. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was born into slavery by James and Elizabeth Wells during the Civil War. She attended Rust College, which was partly founded by her father in Mississippi. After Wells’ parents died of yellow fever, she attained a teaching position at a local school by lying about her age. After some time teaching she moved to Memphis with two of her sisters, where she acquired another teaching position and continued her schooling at Fisk University. While her professional life was moderately successful, her personal life was dismal, however, “it is the very qualities that problematize her personal relationships… that will impel her to undertake… a courageous crusade against lynching” (DeCosta-Willis). Being a freed black woman in the south, Wells had firsthand knowledge of the segregation and racial tension of the time. This knowledge and her experiences gave her insights about the South that were crucial in her successful crusade against lynching and segregation.

As a well-known civil rights activist of her time, Ida B. Wells began her journey to her ultimate ideologies when she was a young girl. Growing up as a slave in Mississippi, her access to education was limited to learning at the Freedman’s Bureau schools. Throughout her life she followed the well paved pathway of her father, the town “race” man, to lawful justice for all citizens, not just African American or white. The contending journalist didn’t lose sight of her family, African American community or her commitment to serving God, but allowed her strong belief in human rights and equality to help her grow stronger as a member of her society.

She became a leading community activist through a sequence of events. In 1884 Ida was riding a train in a first class car, when she was asked to move to the smoking car. When she refused, two conductors tried to physically move her. She instead got off the train and filed a discrimination lawsuit. The lawsuit was initially won, but the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the verdict. After the train incident, in 1889, Ida went to The Free Speech paper; this is where her most promising worked developed. In 1892, three of her friends were brutally killed during a lynching. This one particular event opened the eyes of Wells and prompted her to write some of her most controversial works yet. However this type of writing got the Free Speech office ransacked and destroyed. The other owner of the Free Speech barely escaped with his life, but he carried the message that if Ida were to show her face ever again in Tennessee she would be killed. Now with all this ammunition based on personal experience, even as an African American woman, she had gained credibility to be able to speak with

The South African Apartheid, instituted in 1948 by the country’s Afrikaner National Party, was legalized segregation on the basis of race, and is a system comparable to the segregation of African Americans in the United States. Non-whites - including blacks, Indians, and people of color in general- were prohibited from engaging in any activities specific to whites and prohibited from engaging in interracial marriages, receiving higher education, and obtaining certain jobs. The National Party’s classification of “race” was loosely based on physical appearance and lineage. White individuals were superficially defined as being “obviously white'' on the basis of their “habits, education and speech as well as deportment and demeanor”; an

MS Wells Was a skilled and persuasive rhetorician and travel internationally on lecture tours. MS Wells was a born slave in holly springs in Mississippi in 1862. No matter how bad she wanted to get away they always found a way to find her in keep her in torched her. They made her scrub floor for 60s day a week nonstop no pay. One day she came up with a plan to escape from the from the Farm so she gather all her things in got on the railroad train Made it to acer as soon as she land the man ask her for her Freedom pass she look in her bag in realized that she didn’t have. The officer told her that she will be a slave if she didn’t have it. One

While the South would continue to grow in racial violence and inequality, Wells would attend Shaw University (though the president would later expel her) and become a teacher in Memphis, Tennessee (a more progressive area of the South, compared to Holly Springs, Mississippi) Wells would become a major influence in the South after a day in 1883. One Saturday while riding the train into Woodstock, a conductor removed her from the first-class car she was riding in, that she had paid to ride in, to put her in the smoking car. She refused to be treated as less than she was and got off the train. She would in turn sue the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company and win, only to have it overturned. Wells would take this and over the next few years she would speak out about the racial injustice across the South. After the lynching of three men in 1892, she would travel the South and learn of lynching stories in other parts of the South, documenting them as she went. Her writings would end up in African American newspapers as well as her own, the Free Speech. Regardless of losing her teaching job and threats against her life, Wells continued her

“From 1882-1968, 4,743 lynchings happened in the United States. Of these individuals that were lynched, 3,446 were dark colored. The blacks lynched represented 72.7% of the general population lynched”(“Ida B. Wells Quotes”). Ida Bell Wells Barnett, commonly known as Ida B. Wells was a women who wanted the best for her colleagues. Like most people, she was faced with a big complication. Wells Barnett was a critical part of America's history. Her story is one that must be known and brought to life by African Americans of all ages, today and in the future. In the 1890s Wells led an “anti-lynching crusade in the United States and went deeper in life to become someone who looked and strived for African American justice. Wells was a former slave who became a journalist and wrote about the unpleasant, severe race issues going on in the world which later resulted in death. Ida Bell Wells Barnett, an early leader in the civil rights movement, significantly impacted the lives of African Americans today by

She published an in depth report on lynching in the New York Age. From there, her articles reached thousands and she began her anti-lynching campaign. In 1898, Wells brought her anti-lynching campaign to the White House, leading a protest in Washington, D.C, and calling for social reform under President William McKinley. Her exemplification of leadership in a time where women were not viewed as or respected as leaders also pushed the

During the American Progressive Era, generally regarded as the late 1800s and early 1900s, many ideals were changing among the American people. During this period, which closely followed the end of the civil war, there was an especially great amount of change in what was considered an appropriate way of conducting oneself, especially if one happened to be a black woman. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, an African-American activist who was particularly outspoken on the inhumanity and barbarism of public lynching, can be used as an excellent primary source exemplifying how black women in the progressive era felt that they were expected to be presented. As well as identifying the roles and visions of women in this period, Ida B. Wells-Barnett is an example of a women who broke many barriers, exceeding the limitations put on her by the social constructs of her race and gender.

Even before Gilbreth went on to become a pioneer in the engineering industry, she still faced massive amounts of prejudice in her life. Davis spent her adulthood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She lived through America’s changeover from slavery to freedom. Like Gilbreth, Davis faced discrimination for her gender. But due to her race, she was even more marginalized. African Americans living in Philadelphia and in other cities in the United States were excluded from public transportation, schools, and churches. African Americans established meeting halls along with churches, but their establishments would be damaged by hate fueled attacks against the black community. The racial oppression Davis faced during her childhood, sculpted by slavery, and her adulthood, sculpted by intolerance, created more barriers for her than Gilbreth.

Ida B. Wells-Barnett dedicated her life to social justice and equality. She devoted her tremendous energies to building the foundations of African-American progress in business, politics, and law. Wells-Barnett was a key participant in the formation of the National Association of Colored Women as well as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She spoke eloquently in support of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The legacies of these organizations have been tremendous and her contribution to each was timely and indespensible. But no cause challenged the courage and integrity of Ida B. Wells-Barnett as much as her battle against mob violence and the terror of lynching at the end of