Chapter 7 Cyberterrorism Cyberterrorism has been hard to specifically define. With the sensationalism of popular media, the action and drama of Hollywood films, and new ways of attacking and bothering people via the internet popping up regularly (Weimann, 2004). Dorothy Dunning coined a widely utilized definition: “Cyberterrorism is the convergence of cyberspace and terrorism. It refers to unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political or social objectives. Further, to qualify as cyberterrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property, or at least cause enough harm to generate fear. Attacks that lead to death or bodily injury, explosions, or severe economic loss would be examples. Serious attacks against critical infrastructures could be acts of cyberterrorism, depending on their impact. Attacks that disrupt nonessential services or that are mainly a costly nuisance would not.” (Denning, 2000) According to Denning and others Cyberterrorism consists of the attack and harm of people to further an agenda. So, if a hacker or group attacks a company’s website and post obscene messages and causes annoyance to the company it is not cyberterrorism; but if a group attacks a 911 system downing it for several hours and people who are unable to reach 911 die that would be terrorism (Denning, 2000). Despite the fact
According to the Federal Bureau of Intelligence (FBI), terrorism applies to the use of force to cause terror, based on violent actions whose major purpose is in instilling fear and extreme calamities. Terrorism, therefore, seeks to coerce and pressure national (global) governments and societies in general to bend to their demands and illogical proclamations that are
There are sure sorts of occasions that can have such an impact on the course of History that its course can be modified by the occasion. In the contemporary world, since the begin of the Twentieth Century, there have been a few occasions that have heightened such changes, the bombings on 9/11 was such an epochal occasion. Barely any occasions, for example, the death of Duke Ferdinand in 1914, which basically kick-began WWI, or the besieging of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, viably finishing WWII have had, for example, huge an effect on the nation of the world like 9/11. With the augmentations of the bombings on the seventh July 2005, the expanding wars in the Gulf and the Afghan 'War on Terror' there is left an abundance of material of this nature for the media to consistently show to the world everywhere.
Cyber-terrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyberspace. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political or social objectives.
There are many different definitions of terrorism. Encyclopedia.com defines it very broadly as “the use of violence to further a political or social cause”. (2003). Another source states “Terrorism has been described variously as both a tactic and strategy; a crime and a holy duty; a justified reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination” (Terrorism Research, n.d.). Our unit one lecture reminded us of the adage “One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter” and pondered whether the Boston Tea Party could be viewed as an act of terrorism (Bethel University, 2017). Regardless of the exact definition one chooses to use, our nation faces a wide range of threats from those who intend to do us harm. The individuals and organizations who threaten us are as
For my issue I will be focusing on the influence of the American mainstream media after the September 11th attacks and during the United States’ international military campaign known as the ‘War on Terror’. On September 11, 2001 otherwise known as 9/11, a series of terrorism where committed in which the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda devised four bomber attacks on U.S landmarks killing 2,977 people (CNN). Shortly after the events of 9/11, George W. Bush enacted the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorist (AUMF) and from his administration declared their own definition and objectives regarding the war on terror. The declaration would create not only a mass media indolent but insight a decade long conflict of fear of security
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines terrorism on the basis of three characteristics. In order for an act to be considered terrorism, it needs to be (1) a violent act, or acts dangerous to human life that violates laws; (2) appear to be intended (i) to intimidate or
The term terrorism is used widely in present day especially in the United States. Terrorism is a double standard, the people who commit those terrorist acts, commit the acts out of beliefs and in their eyes ok. Terrorism can be described as the illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective by targeting innocent people (Laqueur, 1987). To me the definition mention above is a great definition to describe terrorism as a crime. To aim for innocent people to prove a point which lead major injuries or death in most cases is to most people would be a crime, no questions asked. According to Martha Crenshaw (1995), “Terrorism cannot be defined unless the act, target and possibility of success are analyzed”. So to think, terrorist are people who commit these acts as a way to get their political or religious point across. If we look at the some of the most famous terrorist acts they are automatically labeled crimes. 9/11 was a crime because the persons affiliated with the act, targeted the
In my essay, I argue that the media, in particular the news, has a bigger influence in mass shootings then other stimuli like; access to guns, violent video games, and mental illness. By exploring the news’ role in mass shootings we can begin to discuss the changes that can be made in the way they broadcast. While the news believes they are just doing their duty and reporting the news while also honoring the victims, there really just honoring the perpetrator. With the news portraying the culprit as a hero, relieving what and how many weapons he used, and the amount of people he or she killed they help encourage future perpetrators to “beat the score”.
There is no single, universally accepted definition to define terrorism but the U. S. Code of federal regulations defines it as any violent act or acts dangerous to human life that violates the criminal laws of the U.S. or any State or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the U.S. or any State. (18 U.S.C § 2331). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) divides terrorist attacks that face the U.S. into two broad categories - international and domestic. (18.U.S.C. § 2331).
Technology in the twenty-first century changed terrorism quite a bit. The evolution of the internet introduced cyberterrorism to us. Cyberterrorism can be defined as the intentional use of computer, networks, and public internet to cause destruction and harm for personal objectives.
Terrorism can be defined as the use of criminal violence to try to force a government to change. It can also be defined as the use of criminal violence that groups or individuals use to seek revenge and cause heartache amongst those that they want to hurt/threaten. Most terrorist groups prefer to target people for a more dramatic response and celebrate when the media broadcasts their violent acts on television and throughout the news. Lately, more and more deadly terrorist acts have been captured on film and broadcasted in all parts of the world. Sixty years ago recordings of terroristic acts didn’t spread through the world as quickly as they do now because technology wasn’t as advance. That is just one of the
Cyber terrorism is just as its name implies; it is the utilization of the internet for the purpose of causing terror. Today’s cyberterrorist have several methods available for achieving their goals. The first of these is a general term known as “Hacking” which refers to anyone gaining access to a computer or a network of computers to which they are not allowed. There are various forms by which a hacker can gain this access. Hacking is comprised of five key methods utilized for the purpose of gaining that access to a computer or computers whichever may be the case. A terrorist could use hacking methods such as packet sniffing, Tempest, password cracking, or buffer overruns to gain access to unauthorized computers for the purpose of stealing credit card or other financial information. They can also use these tools for the purpose of gaining control of a specific computer or network
Imagine if you were an employee of a large credit card corporation such as Visa or MasterCard. You can make up to $90,000 a year but all of a sudden your bank account was $0.00 along with all your coworkers, bosses and the company stock dropped to zero. There would be panic, chaos and disorder due to everyone losing their money. The culprit of such a chaotic situation was a result of a cyber-attack by a hacker. The cyber attacker hacked into the system and caused the databases to transfer all of the money into some bank accounts elsewhere. This is just one example of cyber terrorism and all the damage it is can do to people lives. Businesses corporations are usually not targets of terrorism, but government databases usually are targeted. Cyber terrorist often try to hack into government databases and steal information that would be valuable to America but dangerous in the hands of terrorist. Through cyber-attacks information for nuclear weapons, shut down codes or other government secrets can be gained by a number of terrorist organizations. “ cyber-attacks on our nation private sector and government networks have increased dramatically in the past decade” ( www.fbi.gov) This increase in attacks means that there is a higher chance that terrorist can shut major power grids and leave millions without power or disrupt the stock market to cause mass panic in the
Cyber Terrorist’s use of internet based activities or threats including disruption of computer network, with the inattention to cause harm or further social, religious, political or ideological, similar objectives. The Cyber Terrorists affects not only physically, mentally
Cyberterrorism is generally understood to refer to highly damaging computer-based attacks or threats of attack by non-state actors against