State of the Science Paper:
Compassion Fatigue
Katelyn Anderson
Fairleigh Dickinson University
A concept can be a word, an abstract or concrete thought, a phrase, or a symbolic statement. “Concepts are formulated in words that enable people to communicate their meanings about realities in the world and give meaning to phenomena that can directly or indirectly be seen, heard, tasted, smelled or touched” (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 50). Concepts are the start of an idea, which can lead to a thesis, research development, and eventually cause a change. Concepts are vital for the development of nursing practice and for our patients, so that we can provide the best and most appropriate care. The purpose of this paper is to
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This unique concept was identified in 1992 by Carla Joinson, a nurse, who identified compassion fatigue by studying emergency room personnel. It was defined as, “a unique form of burnout that affects individuals in caregiving roles” (Lombardo & Eyre, 2011). In 1995, there were developments within compassion fatigue and the term secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD) was formed synonymously. The caring and empathetic relationships, which nurses strive to build with their patients, can become overwhelming and have the potential to lead to compassion fatigue. As nurses, we have an innate ability to care for others. Because of this, we find that we have put others before ourselves, which makes for compassionate and empathetic nursing care, but can lead to internal downfalls. There is a shift for the nurse, when providing nurturing care for patients becomes difficult. The downfalls are seen after repeated exposure to stressful work environments, work overload, lack of recognition and the repeated exposure to patients suffering, which nurses attempted to relieve. With advancements in healthcare, prolonging of life, increasing physical and emotional needs from patients and their families and the aging of American, nurses have an increase in stressors and demands. Sabo (2011) discusses certain personality characteristics which can lead to compassion fatigue. Some being type A personalities,
Health providers suffer from an emotional problem called compassion fatigue. Often times compassion fatigue occurs do to the situations encountered by health care professionals and the pain they feel for the patients they care for. One of the essential components of health care is providing care is compassion
The concept of this EBP change project is compassion fatigue as it relates to nurses working in an emergency department (ED) dealing with secondary trauma causing symptoms of compassion fatigue (CF). Compassion is defined as the empathetic awareness of another’s distress, united with a desire to alleviate it (Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, n.d.). Fatigue is the physical or mental depletion that can be the result of strain, overwork, or disease (The Free Medical Dictionary,
The profession of nursing requires a capacity and joy for caring and healing others both mentally and physically. Nurses spend their careers caring for patients and their families often in the worst and most frightening periods of their lives. Nursing responsibilities can be lengthy, stressful and physically and emotionally demanding. The demands of the nursing profession coupled with the nursing shortage and longer work hours put even more stress on nurses. Despite these extreme demands, many nurses do not fully appreciate the importance self-care. Yet without proper care for themselves, nurses are not able to provide the best care for their patients.
Compassion fatigue is widely known in the health care profession. Nurses working overtime and long working days to provide care for the patient and the patient’s families are a continuous stress on a nurse’s emotional and physical well-being especially if the nurse is providing the patient with end of life care as this contributes to both physical and mental work. Vital
Healthcare providers are at increased risk for compassion fatigue (CF), which has also been called secondary traumatic stress, second hand shock syndrome, secondary stress reaction, and vicarious trauma (ABA, 2011). Compassion fatigue begins to become an issue when caregivers give too much of themselves to others and neglect to provide for their own needs. Neglecting one’s personal needs can be harmful, leading to destructive behaviors and patterns, such as over indulgence and increased sick calls. Over time the provider has a decreased ability to show compassion. This paper will discuss and describe compassion fatigue, warning signs of compassion fatigue, and discuss recovery options for those suffering from compassion fatigue.
Longitudinal data was collected to determine the efficacy of resilience program at three and six month intervals (Potter et al., 2013). The longitudinal data in the study reported statistically significant results of decreased overall compassion fatigue through implementation of a compassion fatigue intervention program (Potter et al., 2013). A pilot study of a compassion fatigue resiliency program with thirteen oncology nurses showed promising results. “The program interventions were
When choosing to pursue a career in the health care field, most enter the workplace with the desire to help and provide care for patients who are critically ill (Lombardo & Eyre, 2011). Far too often, these health professionals who were once sympathetic and caring become victims of compassion fatigue (Lombardo & Eyre, 2011). As a working health professional it is ones duty to compassionately care for the sick, wounded and traumatized patients, which involves being exposed daily to the patient’s pain, suffering and trauma (Coetzee & Klopper, 2010). Experiencing this type of trauma first hand is an un-recognized side effect of being a health care professional (Briscoe, 2014). It is easy to get wrapped up in patients, their
In the field of medicine, there is large debate over something known as “compassion fatigue.” Some say it exists while others claim it doesn’t. I believe the reason people debate the idea of compassion fatigue being a reality is due to a misunderstanding in how compassion fatigue manifests.
Based on their findings, without intervention, that will equate to a turnover every 2 to 5.4 years. Education and intervention is essential in the prevention of symptoms that lead to compassion fatigue. If education and intervention is not part of an institutions standard process, there will continue to be a high turnover rate in nursing, including Critical Care RN’s. Discussed below are some recent research studies that were conducted to determine the extent of compassion fatigue and interventions used to prevent compassion
In module one, I found Eric Scalise’s lecture on “Managing the High Cost Care” very helpful, particularly when he discussed Compassion Fatigue. Compassion Fatigue, also referred to as secondary or vicarious trauma, is when is when a person has not experienced a traumatic event directly but are around individuals who have so frequently that they, themselves, are impacted emotionally, mentally, spiritually, and/or relationally. Secondary trauma can also happen to those who witness a traumatic event happening to others.
Similar to physical exhaustion, emotional exhaustion results from depletion of emotional resources and failure to restore one’s own emotional equilibrium. (Moore, 2009, p. 1) In today’s busy society the demands of life, job and family can be excessive and overwhelming. Combine these demands with the additional stressors of caring for another person or persons, increased demands of productivity with decreased personnel and the unrealistic expectations of one’s self or others and place all of this burden on one person, this would adequately describe the 21st century nurse. Nurses are continually engaged in emotional relationships with patients and their families which call upon the nurse to be in a constant supporting role. One reaches emotional exhaustion when this burden becomes too heavy to carry
summary, a fair amount of research has been conducted on burnout and compassion fatigue. it is important to understand the individual factors that lead to the development of burnout and compassion fatigue. Another purpose is to understand whether or not the experience of STS is limited only to those who have direct contact with individuals who are experiencing trauma symptoms. Additionally, most literature that discusses coping with compassion fatigue focuses on self-care techniques rather than on an effective style of cognitive appraisal. Common assumptions are that effective coping styles for healthcare workers will generalize to the mental health field. The present study also aims to identify a coping profile indicating whether or not a
Caregiving has its tolls on caregivers. One of this may be compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue is a consequence of caring for individuals who are in need or suffering which may affect the caregiver physically, emotionally, mentally, and socially. The characteristics of compassion fatigue have been studied extensively among health care professionals, and recent studies suggest that this phenomenon may also be applicable to informal or family caregivers. Given this, the study focused on the applicability, characteristics, and level of compassion fatigue among parents of children with special needs.
· Vicarious trauma/Compassion Fatigue: a psychological phenomenon with rapid onset of symptoms that occurs when a human-being provides care to another human-being who has been traumatized and is comprised of two separate, but related phenomena, Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress. These effects are cumulative and will continue until intervention methods are introduced. For the purpose of this study, vicarious trauma is defined in relation to subscales within Professional Quality Of Life Scale (ProQOL
There are several methods of analyzing the concepts. The purpose of concept analysis is to help the nurses to identify the trends and development in patient care. In depth analysis of these trends and developments helps to formulate measures to provide holistic patient care (“Grand canyon university”2013). Walker and Avant introduced the process of concept analysis in nursing in 1983.Walker and Avant (2005). They are concept analysis; concept synthesis and concept derivation explained three different processes to analyze the concept in nursing. According to McEwen (2011) Walker and Avant use concept analysis to clarify meanings of terms and define concepts with an excepted outcome of readers and writers communicating in a common language.