The Concept Of Reliability Within Measurement

We need to know the normal range of movement of the muscles and joints so when moving, handling and positioning a person we know the limits of each limb. We need to take into consideration other factors that may inhibit a person’s movements as:

A clinician, respectively, should produce the patient’s clinical history and results, as well as the measurement properties of the index, this well better format and put in place short- and long-term goals based on an individual-report functional scale like the LEFS (1). The intention of this research was to assess the reliability, construct validity, and sensitivity to change the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. This test was given to 107 patients with lower-extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction referred to twelve outpatient PT clinics. This index was dispensed during the patient’s initial assessment, 24 to 48 hours following the initial assessment, and then at weekly intervals for four weeks (1). A patient with an initial LEFS score of 56/80, an example of lower extremity functional scale is to create functional level, set goals, and track progress and outcome, based on the error at any specific position in time for the LEFS of five points, the therapist can be highly confident that the actual scale score is between 51 and 61 (1). The leeway, or error, associated with an assumed measure on the LEFS is about plus or minus five scale points (90% confident intervals). A clinician, ergo, can be moderately confident that an observed score within the parameter of five points of the patient’s “true” outcome (1). The short-form 36-health survey (SF-36) is a 36-item, patient-delivered

The participants then completed the functional evaluation by completing three one-leg hop tests on each limb. The longest distance was recorded and calculated as the percentage of the performance of the ACL reconstructed leg over the uninvolved leg, the scores were calculated as the limb symmetric index (LSI). The authors of this study defined the ceiling effect as the percent of participants who received the maximum score of 100 points. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between both scales and the limb symmetric index and was interpreted as r > 0.5 which indicated a strong association. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was then used to examine the distribution

Multiple studies focusing on joint measurement and the methods used signified that intra-rater reliability was accurate when compared to inter-rater reliability. Examiners used the same universal goniometers, along with other devices to measure joint position and ROM. Their finding lead them to the conclusion of measurements taken by the same person on the same individual were more accurate, than those compared to multiple examiners taking the same measurements on the same individual. However,

On 11/06/2017, it was noted that the claimant's work would not take him back to work on light duty. Objective findings showed a full range of motion of the elbow, wrist, and shoulder. Continued independent strengthening exercises were recommended.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most commonly diagnosed joint diseases seen in primary care clinic. Although it is not a fatal condition, it can lead to impaired mobility and decreased quality of life. Some patients with severe osteoarthritis may even require surgery to improve their functionality and pain levels.

For shoulder flexion 61% of the variance could be accounted for by the sit-and-reach. A correlation was also found between the modified sit-and-reach test and both the shoulder extension and hip flexion tests. For shoulder extension 33% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach and for hip flexion 22% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach.

Musculoskeletal disorders are very common throughout the population. The research into the commonness in musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulder isn’t correct due to the lack of uniformity and gold standard measurement. This study focuses on the commonness of musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder in women. They assess the differences in the commonness of injuries using three different measuring tools.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative condition affecting joints according to AIHW, 2016 is prevalent in 9% of the Australian population. Local biomechanical, biological and modifiable behavioural risk factors affect the acceleration and predisposition of OA, such as age, sex, ethnicity, genetics, hormonal status, bone density, metabolic/nutritional factors, high intensity joint loading sports, obesity, previous acute joint injury/deformity, occupation and muscle weakness (Heidari, 2011). A major factor in the prevalence of

Stability of the elbow joint is achieved from the elbow osseous structures and the surrounding soft tissues [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Primary stability at elbow flexion less than 20° and more than 120° is imparted by the olecranon fossa articulation. However, in the dynamic range of motion predominantly used by baseball pitchers (20–120° of flexion), soft tissue structures are responsible for primary stability of the elbow [1, 2, 3]. For this reason, baseball pitchers are at higher risk of soft tissue injury at the elbow [1, 2,

“Osteoarthritis, believed to have a genetic cause or predisposition, is caused by wear or tear on a joint" (Rosdahl, 2012, p. 1235). There are many different types of musculoskeletal diseases one of them being osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is one type of arthritis, and arthritis is basically when the joints in the human body are inflamed. In the first paragraph the anatomy, physiology, and the description of osteoarthritis. The next will be about what the signs and symptoms of the disease and the history shown in assessments. Treatments and medications will be discussed and what further action to take while enduring this painful musculoskeletal disease. While going through something like this there are bound to be complications to be aware of. Just like taking care of a patient with any other disease there will be plenty of nursing interventions to help the patient cope. Last but not least let’s not forget a discharge plan of care for a patient that has osteoarthritis, this will go over everything from safety to medication teaching. This disease is very painful and quite common in people when they grow old, so therefore it is important to know every aspect from beginning to end.

Gait is the most important function of daily living activities for all human beings. As physical therapists and researchers we are particularly interested in evaluation of gait. There is a distinct necessity for objective measurement of gait because without it the excellence of treatment decisions is condensed, due to subjective and often unreliable nature of the assessment. Objective measures must be employed to validate efficacy of the treatment protocol, a function that has become imperative since health care resources are becoming more strained and health care providers are held more accountable1. Gait assessment is an everyday responsibility of the therapist, and visual assessment seems unreliable and erratic for the most part. Measurement

A tape measure, which marked 2.3 meters, rest below and parallel to the rowing machine. Contrasting markers were placed on key anatomical landmarks: the styloid process and olecranon of the ulna, the lateral epicondyle and greater trochanter of the femur, and the anterior superior iliac spine. Prior to undergoing an in-depth analysis, the ranges of motion about the hip, knee, and elbow were quantified using DartFish.

In the United States, arthritis has become the second most common disorder, in the past years. Moreover, the condition affects more than 34 million Caucasians, 4.6 million African-Americans and nearly 3.1 million Hispanics with women being the most affected (Helmick, 2008). 28.3% of people suffering from arthritis are women whereas 18.2% are men (Helmick, 2008). By the year 2030, it is predicted that the number of patients with arthritis will double if prevalence rates remain the same. Apart from being cost-intensive, Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly twenty seven million Americans, which effectively limits their work (Reid, Shengelia & Parker, 2012). The statistics show that Caucasians are the most affected and the Hispanics to be the less affected from Caucasians, Hispanics, and African Americans. It also shows how women also have greater possibilities of getting arthritis than man ever did.

This paper will highlight the information epidemiologists utilize to evaluate the quality of measures used in research as well as provide reasons why the quality of measures are essential and finally explain how epidemiologists ensure the measures used in research are of good quality.