The course of human evolution can be represented by subsequent development of:
1. Australopithecus as the common anthropoid ancestor of the distinct group of hominids
2. Pithecanthropus as the earliest members of Homo also called Homo Habilis or Homo Erectus
3. Palaeoanthropus or Homo Neanderthalensis as the closest predecessor of Homo Sapiens
4. Homo Sapiens as the species to which all modern human beings belong and is the only one from genus Homo that is not extinct.
According to modern concepts primates evolved from earliest insect-eating mammals. Based on the study of common characteristics and features it can be said that all apes came from primates. Not all primates developed into apes. Even apes belongs to primates, they are very
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Timeline Fossil form Brain volume
(cm3) Major features
30 million years ago Dryopithecus Less than 350 Earliest great apes.
Spent most of its life in trees.
Live in herd
10-14 million years ago Ramapithecus 350 – 400 The earliest human ancestor.
Still live in herd.
Spread from forests into open grassland for hunting.
Small ape-like creature which probably walked upright and used hands for food and defense.
Continue to live in herd.
4,5-1,75 million years ago Australopithecus about 500 Continue to spend much time in the trees but lived on the ground.
Lived in family groups.
Using a variety of objects as tools.
First evidence of speech and communication
2,6 million.-600000 years ago Homo Habilis 650-850 Evidence of the manufacture of stone tools.
Lived in family groups.
Might have built first shelters.
1,6 million.-400000 years ago Homo Erectus 1100-1200 Upright human
Had long skull, protruding jaw, no chin, thick brow ridges.
Lived in family groups.
Made more sophisticated tools.
Developed more advanced speech.
Was able to use and control fire.
400000 – 50000 years ago Homo neandertalensis Up to 1500 Appearance very similar to a modern human.
Evidence of spiritual and social development.
Less than 50000 years ago Cromagnons
(Homo Sapiens) On average 1400-1500 Abstract thinking,
Developed communication using
chimps. According to him, we are all modern species that have followed different evolutionary paths, though humans share a common ancestor with some primates, such as the
Darwin once hypothesized that humans evolved from an ape like ancestor and that those ancestors most likely originated in Africa since the majority of the great apes lived there. Unfortunately, Darwin’s hypothesis was ignored for reasons such as people (e.g. Europeans) not liking of having African ancestors—not to mention the lack of evidence did not help in supporting such hypothesis. Thus, finding the missing link between apes and humans was of great important—it still is. Thankfully, through extensive research many scientists have been able to determine a clade called Hominin [7]. This clade contains humans as well as their most closely related relatives.
This chapter beings explaining the evolution of mankind. Prior to 11,000 BCE, all humans were equal. Due to our evolutionary past, we branched off from apes to humans and spread around the world. Nearly 4 million years ago, humans began their mark on earth in Africa. Jared Diamond compares human development on all seven continents about 13,000 years ago. Although many early humans were found primarily in Eurasia and Africa, over time they expanded and gained new territory. The early humans created tools as they evolved, and many became hunter and gatherers. Then, human history made a Great Leap Forward around 40,000 BCE. The Great Leap Forward was when the earliest humans created new technology and exciting innovations that did not exist previously
In this article “What your nose about Human evolution” by Sara G. Miller it talks about the possibility that the shape of your nose has to do with how humans evolved to live in certain climates. Researchers say that wider noses are found in people in warmer and humid climates. Then in narrower noses are found in colder climates. Also it mentions genetic drift and how that may have played a role on why nose shapes vary because of random drift in genes. It's also possible for natural selection because of outside components.
What evidence shows the changing from the early hominids to the modern humans? Throughout the human evolution body parts like legs and harms have changed for the better. By the early hominids being biped, meaning they are able to stand and even walk on two feet, it helped them to be able to do more things like getting around more and help with their tool making and hunting. A lot of the fossils discovered were found in the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, which contained many different lakes and small rivers. For many years researchers have been finding new species. These species have been named Australopithicus, robust australopithecines , Orrorin tugenensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, neanderthal, and Homo sapiens. These early
The living human population is 0.0105% the size of the initial total population and 0.001% of the current population, the corpse population is 110.1324% the size of the initial total population and 99.983% of the current population, and the zombie population is 0.0078% the size of the total initial population and 0.007% of the current population.
The central purpose of this essay is to critically discuss the importance of understanding human evolution and the history of psychology for the modern psychologist. For the human evolution, the essay will be addressing on how we and other species descended from our ancestors and how the different environment has helped to us to become more adaptable. Regarding the history of psychology, the essay will be discussing on how psychology branched off from the philosophy approach to become its own science. The essay will then go on discussing how the understanding of both human evolution and history of psychology would be used by modern psychologist.
One question scientists have been desperately trying to answer is human evolution, three research teams believe they have found a more profound understanding but with this new theory, there are still some unanswered questions.
Humans have existed on Earth for approximately 3.4 million years. The oldest known human ancestor is "Lucy," an Australopithecus. Over this extensive period of time, humans have evolved significantly. Homo Sapiens have grown from 3 to almost 6 feet (average), lost most of the body hair, became leaner and adapted to walking. Humans have come a long way, from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens, from living in trees to living in cities. Slowly, through hundreds of thousands of years, we mutated over and over again, natural selection ensuring that no destructive mutations continue. From the slow evolution, four distinctive species emerged and died out, each giving way to its ' descendant: Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens Neanderthalesis, and Homo sapiens Sapiens.
Human evolution is the biological and cultural development of humans. A human is any member of the species Homo sapiens, meaning "wise man." Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago, every human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to be. Creation myths are based on cultural beliefs that have been adopted as a legitimate explanation by a society as to where we came from.
Describe the major developments of early human and social evolution. Throughout, discuss tool manufacturing, language development, agriculture, social behavior, and population growth.
Human evolution is the gradual process in which people, or Homo sapiens, originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence, particularly in the form of fossils and secondary remains, show that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people evolved over a period of approximately six million years. Humans are primates. Both genetic and physical similarities show that humans and the great apes (large apes) of Africa, chimpanzees (including bonobos, or so-called “pygmy chimpanzees”) and gorillas share a common ancestor that lived between 8 and 6 million years ago. The volume of fossils found in Africa suggests that most evolution occurred there and is likely the place of origin for early humans. This brings to fruition the “out of Africa” theory, also called the “single-origin hypothesis.”
Human evolution according to research started over 6 million years ago. The outcome of the evolution process is the current human beings. Scientific studies have revealed over the years a remarkable affinity between the chimpanzees/Apes and human beings. Even though this reality is not a definitive prove that human beings evolved from apes, it does show that the human beings are in one way or another related to other primates. Scientists suppose that the humans and the primates shared a common ancestor. The subject of what makes humans what they are and their origin has been the exclusive purpose leading to many scientific studies globally (Coolidge & Wynn, 2011). Studies believe that Africa was the origin of evolution millions of years ago. Fossil remains have been discovered in different parts of Africa as well as other regions of the world. Different hominins have been discovered around the world in the last 1 million years. Thus, the different discoveries have led to comparisons between the various species of hominins to clarify on their similarities as well as differences. This essay seeks to explain whether they were distinctively different species or regional versions of the same species.
of some sort to the general human gene pool, enough to be considered a different
One of the most astonishing things on earth is the human body. They consist of many organs that work together to maintain the person alive. The humans body composition is complex, but what was the origin? How did we become who we are today? These are the questions that intrigued me, and allowed me to understand how the human body evolved over the years. By the examination of our ancestors, and our body we will understand how we look today.