The Digital Satellite Communication Systems

With the increased competition between the two world superpowers the United States saw their means of communication change, the ability to track weather patterns. Sputnik may have been the first satellite in space but the United States decided to create satellites as means of communication across the country. The initial satellite made by the United States,Echo 1 was created for communications across the United States. This satellite was a metal ball bouncing signals off it. It aimed to send messages to different parts of the country and the test relayed from Holmdel, New Jersey to Goldstone,California. Improvements in Communication was a big step because it now allowed a more efficient way to contact individuals long distance. These improvements in communication could also help the military forces for battlefield communications.Congress passed the Communications Satellite Act of 1962 to create a unique company, Comsat, which in turn helped set up and manage the first international system, Intelsat. By the end of the decade over sixty countries belonged to Intelsat, with twenty-eight members operating fifty ground stations. The system achieved worldwide coverage in 1969, when geosynchronous satellites successfully served the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins. By having this system of communication it made tasks and other important objectives such as military communication easier since there was now an almost direct line

This example focuses on the use of satellite networking, to broadcast the signal from the satellite, to the ground station. This type of technology involves the use of Zigbee at small distances, and WiMax for greater distances.

During the Space Race, the first orbital satellites were sent to outer space. Today, Americans can communicate, predict the weather, and study geodetics because of the satellites that first orbited in space.All satellites and space probes carry specialized radios receiving and transmitting equipment for guidance and control purposes as well as relaying data from space to Earth. Without the first satellite transmission of a human voice in 1958, communication would not be as efficient (Rabinowitch, 1963).

An example of this is the satellite television which was introduced in 1962 with the launch of the Telstar satellite. With this, television signals were able to travel through space to televisions around the world. Another invention that was introduced during this time was the weather satellite. “Kennedy also requested funding to accelerate the use of communication satellites to expand worldwide communications and the use of satellites for worldwide weather observation. Both of these initiatives quickly evolved into major areas of space technology that now serve the global community” (Angelo 29).

The selection of satellites bands with wider frequencies allows a variety of information to travel and decreases the limitation of usage by the users. The Ka-Band (26-40GHz) the communication satellites provides high resolution, close ranges targeting radar on military crafts(TIA,2013). The current suggestion of band would be the Ka-Band (26-40GHz) the communication satellites allows high resolution, close ranges that support strong military functions(TIA,2013). advancements to the developing concept, identify leverage over the other choices, utilizing Ka-bands do propose substantiated risks however, it is still operable (Lewis, 2014). Users offering themselves a band with wider frequency means information can transfer swiftly whereas, a smaller frequency could offer more accuracy but limits the user capability. All forums offer positive attribute and consequential attributes but overall the assessment has to be made by the operation leader. As technology develops engineers are developing ideal that are properly modified to support the needs of the community and excel in

The Sputnik satellite traveling through Earth’s lower orbit shocked America that October day in 1957. Many reactions ranged from anxious and hysteric to indifferent or even unsatisfied about the situation as a whole, but the event did raise valid questions. The general consensus became why did the Soviet Union launch a satellite into orbit before the United States? Many believed the U.S. was the dominant superpower in the technology arena but were caught off guard when the Soviet Union beat the U.S. to the chase. Americans questioned the intentions and potential uses of satellites and what this new technology could bring for the future.

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On October 7, 1957, the Space Age had officially began. The USSR sent a satellite, ‘Sputnik’, into orbit around Earth(History.com-soviet union launches sputnik). The journey lasted less than 100 minutes, but it was a landmark occasion nonetheless and the Soviet Union had sent a message to the capitalist world. On the satellite ‘Sputnik’ was a radio transmitter which allowed Soviet scientists to track it as it orbited the Earth. This signal

In 1960 a scientist by the name of Dr. Ivan Getting left his position at Raytheon Company, and armed with the knowledge of what was at the time the most advanced navigational technology in the world, he began developing the Global Positioning System. Together with a team of aerospace engineers and scientists, they started getting into the three dimension global positioning system concept. In 1957, at the start of the Cold War and the Space Race, the U.S.S.R. launched Sputnik, the first Soviet satellite. While observing Sputnik, U.S. scientists found out that they could track the satellite’s orbit by listening to the changes in its radio frequency using the Doppler effect, a technique that had previously been used to describe why the pitch of a car’s horn changes as it speeds away. In 1960, the knowledge gained from tracking Sputnik, the U.S Navy was able to launch transit, the first satellite navigational system, which was used to help guide the Navy fleets of missile submarines. In 1967, the U.S. Navy developed the Timation technique, a system that used a highly stable, synchronized clock in the satellite, a technology on which GPS was dependent by 1974, the first clocks were put into orbit. By 1978, the U.S. military launched the first four GPS satellites. Until 1983, GPS technology was available for U.S. military use only, until a tragedy occurred that the benefits of GPS technology could no longer be restricted from civilian use. In 1983, a civilian Korean Air airplane with 269 passengers, was shot down after entering Soviet airspace killing all passengers. In response to this tragedy, President Ronald Reagan said "that when GPS technology was operational, it will be free and available to the world". On Feb. 14, 1989, the first satellite was launched. On July 17, 1995, the GPS was complete. This system consists of 24

The Night of the Satellite The short story, The Night of the Satellite, is about the relationship of a young couple, Paul and Mallory, who are in grad school and an old satellite that is falling out of the sky. The story starts off somewhat normal, with the couple partying at a club the night before and sleeping in late the next day. When they woke up everything was normal, and the couple planned to drive out to their friends rental house out in the middle of a farm later that day.

There are 24 satellites that circle the earth every 12 hours. These satellites are split into six groups of four and each group creates an orbital plane. These six orbital planes allow the satellites to move in a way that covers the earth completely. GPS satellites transmit signals to equipment on the ground. An example is a GPS receiver (GPS receiver can only receive the signals form the satellites but they can’t transmit any signals). The receivers work best in an open outdoor area where there is a clear view to the sky. At any time there are always four visible satellites. The GPS receiver can calculate how far each satellite is based on the time it took the signal to reach the receiver. Using the distance from each satellite that the receiver calculated it could then use a process called trilateration to pinpoint the location of the receiver [1].

After the U-2 incident of 1960, more emphasis was placed on safer methods of acquiring reconnaissance imagery. The first photographic reconnaissance satellite program was the codenamed Discovery. These first satellites could see objects as small as 35-40 feet and once they ejected their film capsule, the satellites were forced to reenter and burn up in the atmosphere. The latest declassified satellite is from the late 1970s and can focus on objects as small as 5.5 inches. Instead of using a film canister, the KH-11 series of satellites uses a digital sensor and communications satellites. Because of the classified nature of these satellites, little is known about the latest generations of satellites. However, from what the public does

Advancements in the information technology sector have brought many benefits to the people all around the world.  Today with computer networking, we can chat, speak and see each other over a long distance. Data communication refers to the transmission of the digital signals over a communication channel between the transmitter and receiver computers. Communication is possible only with wired and wireless connectivity of the computers with each other.

Today, we are in the midst of a continuing technological communications revolution that is unprecedented in world history. The computer has contributed greatly to this, for with such newer technology as computer linkups, often by way of satellites, information is available almost everywhere in the world virtually instantaneously, in seemingly unlimited amounts, and at a low cost; that is planetary access has been achieved. In this sense, communication, abetted by better transportation of information, is continuing to make different parts of the earth’s surface more similar to each other, but now on a world rather than a national scale. These developments are likely

Space can be unsafe. In profound space we would kick the bucket immediately unless ensured. Our