The Effect of Caffeine on Planaria Regeneration
Caffeine is a wildly use drug in today’s society. Caffeine is a methylated xanthine which acts as a mild central nervous system stimulant (MS & RL, 2001). It is a stimulant which acts upon the central nervous system and increases alertness, wakefulness and restlessness and it increases the release of catecholamine from renal medullar (Fernandez, 2016; Collines, 2007). It is present in many beverages. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, products containing chocolate (cocoa) and some medication (Collines, 2007). It is used as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant (Collines, 2007).Caffeine is the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world (Collines, 2007).
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If and when caffeine crosses the placental barrier it means the maternal blood levels of caffeine are virtually equal to fetal blood level (Collines, 2007). There are certain enzymes needed for the metabolism of caffeine and these enzymes are absents in fetus (Collines, 2007). Due to the lack of this enzyme, this could lead to malformations in the fetus (Collines, 2007). Previous studies done in rats show high caffeine levels have an effect on blood vessels in the placenta which causes them to contract therefore restricting or diminishing blood flow (Fernandez, 2016). Studies of animal models show caffeine can delay ossification, because missing digits, stillbirth and low birth weight (Fernandez, 2016). (MS & RL, 2001). Caffeine’s chemical formula is C8H10N4O2 (Collines, 2007).
Caffeine has shown signs of cell division slowing down (Itoyama, de Campos Bicudo, & Cordeiro, 1997). It is a stimulating drug which hinders the ability of flatworms to regenerate completely (Collines, 2007).
Planarians are hermaphrodites and have both the male and female organs but they are reproduced by asexual reproduction – known as fission (Fernandez, 2016). They are commonly in freshwater streams and ponds (Collines, 2007). They are carnivorous, feeding on living and
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On average the caffeine had a bigger effect on the head portion of the planaria compared to the tail. However these results are not constant throughout, as there were major fluctuations in the rate of growth. This might have happened due to the amount of food the planaria were eating compared the caffeine uptake. Also it could be due to a mistake in the recording of the planaria length. This is due to the planaria curling up in size for them to save their energy so they could continue to live. Due to the data being recorded before feeding them, there is the possibility that the planaria were not stretched out to their full size. These results were not expected and do not support the hypothesis as it was hypothesised that the 0.00001M solution would have the greatest effect on the planarian’s rate of growth. In comparison to other similar experiments, these results are slightly different. The other experiment had a major increase over the first few days, however it started to level out after the last few days the planaria were given caffeine. This is similar in this experiment however there was a decrease on the fourth day on the head and on the third day for the tail. This might be due to the other experiment having more planaria to test on. Possible limitations for this experiment are the amount of food the planaria had
According to the results, the columns of caffeine in figure 1, of this experiment the hypothesis for caffeine is partially accepted. There is an increasing trend in the change of pulsation rates with increasing
This article discusses the affects caffeine has on several aspects of human health. These included toxicity, cardiovascular effects (arrhythmia, heart rate, cholesterol and BP), bone/calcium balance, behavior, and reproductive and developmental effects. It also discussing the affect caffeine intake has on children and reproductive-aged women.
This project was to see the effect that caffeine would have on plants. This project was to figure out which amount of caffeine was to make the plant grow the most. The test subject plants that were used in this experiment was Basil. Basil is a plant that sprouts very quickly. It is supposed to sprout in around 10 days. The plant Basil has no caffeine in it to start with. The only plant that has sprouted was the control plant that had no caffeine in it’s soil at all. We used caffeine tablets instead of coffee grinds which are more natural because they are high on nitrogen. There was two with 400 mg of caffeine in them. Next there was two plants with 800 mg of caffeine in them. Lastly there was two plants with 1600 mg of caffeine in them. In
Does putting caffeine in your plants affect the overall growth of the plant? This topic was chosen to determine if caffeine would affect the growth of the plant. This topic is important for a place where there is a lack water or, the water at that location is contaminated and is unhealthy for plant growth. Gardeners would put coffee grounds into the soil before planting their seeds because it improves the soil. Caffeine, which is a stimulant, also improves the biological growth of the plant. Caffeine was also seen to increase pH levels in the soil, 5.5-7 is the usual pH level for soil. Caffeine initially, showed that plants had stable growth rates but then started to kill the plant cells. Certain plants have also been proven to
The problem of this research is to determine the effects of the caffeine to the babies and the abuse of the caffeine to the pregnant women. To know the things that the caffeine can do, we need to have a research about it. To know these, the researchers should work out to these following questions:
Dugesia tigrina are flatworms of the Turbellaria class that can live in saltwater or freshwater environments (Reddien and Alvarado 2004). These flatworms are also known as planaria and are notorious for their great ability of regeneration. The purpose of this experiment was to test if the regrowth of the planarian limbs was affected by light.
Caffeine is a psychoactive drug and potentially deadly in large amounts, especially for adolescents (Hershorin, Lipschulz, Schaechter & Seifert, 2011). Caffeine is one the most common energy drink ingredients and one of the most widely consumed substances in the world. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), caffeine is a chemical stimulant compound found in various plants that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is produced naturally and artificially. Caffeine is found mainly in coffee, tea, soda, chocolate, energy drinks and some over-the-counter medications. Due to the increasing demands placed on teenagers today, caffeine is becoming more prevalent in adolescents. While the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends children have no more than 100 mg of caffeine a day due to unknown medical conditions, the fact a teenager’s brain is still in a developmental stage, and the importance sleep plays in the developing brain. Table 1, shows the amount of caffeine for the energy drinks in this report. (Note-this does not include the caffeine from blend ingredients)
Caffeine evolved in plants, where it serves a few purposes. In high doses, as it’s found in the leaves and seeds of certain species, it’s toxic to insects. But when they consume it in lower doses, as it’s found in nectar, it can actually help them remember and revisit flowers.
Planarians are one of the most simplest organisms out there in the world, and they have a stunning ability, regeneration. These flatworms are bi-directionally regenerating
This year, I am interested in doing a project with zebrafish and caffeine. During pregnancy, it is unhealthy to drink caffeine. I was wondering if caffeine made a significant change in the development of a fetus. Since human fetus development and zebrafish embryonic development are very similar, I decided to test the effects of caffeine on zebrafish embryo development. This project would help the public understand the dangers of consuming too much caffeine.
In a recent research study produced by the Kinesiology Department of Delaware University, the following findings were presented: that caffeine is a vasoconstrictor and stimulant; caffeine can increase blood pressure by contracting the heart and blood vessels in non-habitual users; caffeine changes the electro-physiological activity of the heart, increasing conductivity, even in limited doses (University of Delaware). In regards to the gastrointestinal side effects, the UD study wrote that caffeine stimulates gastric secretion, stating that some individuals are sensitive to caffeine and suffer ill effects such as acid indigestion, heartburn, abdominal pain, gas or constipation to varying degrees. In addition, caffeine inhibits vasopressin, and it acts as a powerful diuretic. Liver metabolism is
Caffeine is an alkaloid found in many plants and is a powerful stimulant for the central nervous system. With that it’s easy to see why so many people drink coffee. If you are a regular coffee drinker, then you have heard of the huge controversy surrounding caffeine. Is it good or is it bad? Doctors are continuously telling us to watch our caffeine intake, since it can lead to things like depression, infertility and miscarriages, restlessness, high blood pressure, and anxiety. But, a new study on caffeine consumption saying, caffeine helps reduce the risks of getting skin cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes, gallstones, ovarian cancer, and can even help you lose weight.
is derived from a bean or from tea leaves and can be found in the
Many people don’t consider the real effects of drugs when they are about to use it. In today’s society, there are various types of drugs or substances that are either on the legal or illegal side. Just because a substance is legal does not make it beneficial and vice versa. The main categories of drugs are stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The drug category that I would like to focus on is stimulants. The most heavily and frequently used stimulant, which is caffeine. Never does it cross someone’s mind that caffeine can be considered as a drug. However, various studies have shown that it causes both physiological and behavioral behaviors and can also cause dependence.
The majority of people who consume caffeine on a daily basis due so because of its stimulating effects. However, many people would think otherwise if they knew about the negative effects it enforces. The history and background of caffeine are good to know and sometimes impact a person’s decision of consuming it or not. The uses, consumption and side effects are extremely important to be familiar with before coming in contact with caffeine.