No longer one world
The end of the Soviet Union seemed to presage a better era, but those hopes are fading
After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it was widely believed that America would enjoy ‘unipolar moment’. Instead of the world being divided into capitalist and communist, the mix of capitalism and democracy was held to have won. The phrase employed by the historian Francis Fukuyama, “the end of history’ seemed apt enough.
Almost two decades later, it looks like this unipolar moment is coming to an end. America still has the world’s largest economy, but China is catching up fast. Even if China’s growth slows – as seems likely, if only because such spectacular wealth creation has to slow at some point -- it is still likely to
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China is countering this dominance in two ways. One is to fix the yuan to the US dollar, which has meant that the currency cannot be attacked by traders using the US dollar, removing the impact that such volatility can have on an economy.
China has also moved to change the rules of the financial game. It has established the China International Payment System (CIPS), which will be an alternative to Society for Worldwide International Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT). This has been extremely important to Russia, for example, which has used the new system to evade some of the more punishing effects of the West’s economic sanctions.
It has founded the China-initiated Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIDB), which will be an alternative to the World Bank, and is well funded. The New Development Bank, based in Shanghai, has been set up as an alternative to the IMF for the BRICS countries. And although it is mainly of symbolic importance (oil trade is only in the hundreds of billions, not trillions) the US dollar is no longer the primary oil currency because China is buying its oil in yuan and China is the largest consumer.
Debt
There are some troubling signs in America. One is the impact of debt. In 1980, total government and personal debt in the United States was just over the $US3 trillion; it is now $US41 trillion, a 14-fold increase since Ronald Reagan’s first election. According to 720 Global, the
China is the second largest economy in the world. It has become the fastest growing economy in the world with an average rate of 10% for the last thirty years. The largest exporter and second largest importer of goods has brought China to be ranked first in the foreign exchange reserves. The country with thousands of years of history, started off and continues today as mostly an agrarian economy. Over time China's economy continues to change and prosper. Starting with the first economic change in the early twentieth century, which occurred when the GMD (the Nationalist Party) lost control due to its poor economic performance. This in turn led to their defeat by the CCP. During that time many peasants lost their farmland and this led to a peasant
For the last twenty eight years, China has been quickly growing into one of the largest economies in the world. China has accomplished this feat, in part, by radically changing their policies on trade and free market interactions with other countries. During this process, China has bought approximately one hundred trillion dollars of United States debt in the form of Treasury bills, notes, bonds, and Inflation Protected Securities (Amadeo). This debt has given China leverage against the United States which has enabled China to keep the value of the United States dollar high, while keeping the value of the Chinese yuan low. As the inflation of the dollar continues to negatively affect the
These effective strategies helped Hong Kong overcome the financial crisis. All these facts fully demonstrated that China is a responsible big country. After the Asia financial crisis, the importance of China's economy has been brought into focus; China's neighboring countries have begun to recognize the influence of the Renminbi.
In 2008, the Global Financial Crisis broke out; both the American economy and the economy in the West suffered a hard blow. However, a big economy system in the East emerged unexpectedly. China is now able to challenge the America’s decades-long dominant position in economic area. Started during the middle of 1990s, China’s manufacturing industry developed rapidly that billions of exports were floating out, and China was given the title of “the world’s factory”(BBC). By the end of 2010, China with a GDP of $5.8 trillion, surpassed Japan’s GDP of $5.48 trillion, became the world’s second largest economy system (BBC). China also exceeded Japan became America’s largest foreign securities holder. Since then, China has been seen as the US’s
Which goes back on how the dollar is back up. Another deal that countries see is that they can also exchange the Yuan which they have, to the federal banks of China into gold since their money is control in a gold standard economy.
THE END OF HISTORY AND THE LAST MAN is the author's response. His thesis is simple. The failure of communism and the disappearance of the Soviet Union has resulted in the victory of liberal democracy and capitalism. There are, he claims, no more challengers. Security and freedom have been achieved, and consequently, history has ended.
Throughout time, many countries have needed to implement some sort of economic reform in order to strengthen their economy so that they can be more of a power on the world stage and to stabilize their country. The Chinese reforms were long in the making, an unfolding process that had spanned most of the 20th century and, unlike other countries such as Russia who were trying to do the same thing but whom eventually failed, China prospered, and increased its economy greatly. China has had the fastest growing economy in the world for the past two decades, with an annual growth rate of approximately 10 percent since the economic reforms in 1979, and now has the second largest GDP in the world, second only to the USA. Starting in 1979 they
China is rising in many ways— specifically in terms of their economy, their military, and global and cultural diplomacy. For the past 20 years, China has been utilizing a careful strategy for their global economy in various ways. First of all, they have secured enough raw materials so that they have a long-term supply. Chinese firms began to secure shares in Europe, the United States, and Canada.
China is a growing country; its population is about 1.4 billion, and as of 2014, the Chinese economy is the world’s second largest (in terms of nominal GDP,) totaling approximately US$10.380 trillion, with a growth rate of 7.4%, and the GDP per capita is US$3,619.4. From last century to this century, China has had significant improvements in their economic development. China had been in three major crises during the last century: the 20th century. The Fall of Qing Dynasty, World War II, and Civil War in China, all of them struck China in a destructive way. From the end of the 20th century, China was in a fast-developing mode.
The United States presently in a tightly knit and powerful economic relationship with China. Reason being the US economy depends heavily on foreign capital, in particular the Renminbi-Yuan.
USA and China are now two of the strongest economical country in the world. The USA on the west side while China is on the east side more specifically America Continent and Asia continent respectively.
How does the Chinese government limit the use of the Chinese currency, the RMB, on the global currency markets?
China must understand there are many challenges when they try to replace the Dollar by Renminbi in international and reserve currency. But there are many benefits from using own currency if Renminbi become an international currency. For instance, China can expand its political effect; furthermore, it helps to reduce cost for domestic firms and households from foreign currency’s risk. It is also a factor helping China in rebalancing economics, reducing the dependence on the Dollar,
China is confronting a serious inflation issue originating from the hot cash; the Chinese government might apply its socialist summon to proper control. Further, the Chinese government does control real substantial underwriting organizations and all nearby banks in China. Profoundly centralization gives the Chinese government a
China’s financial industry was just another piece of the centrally planned or command economy of China before any World Trade Organization (WTO) accession agreements were put in place. Regulated lending practices where govern for the banks to hewed to and indeed produced a few of China’s notable thriving businesses, at the same time sustained hundreds of additional incompetent and profitless state-owned operations.