The Effects Of Motor Skills On Children

Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited interests, which are often very focused and repetitive. He or she is likely to be very routine oriented and may show behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injurious behaviors.

The effects of autism on communication are extremely varied. Most individuals do not have any trouble with pronunciation. The problems lie in using language effectively. Common problems are lack of eye contact, poor attention, being able to point objects to others, and difficulty with the 'give and take' in normal conversation. Some individuals sometimes use language in unusual ways, retaining features of earlier

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

Many of us have heard about Autism, also knows as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Some have a family member, a friend, or know someone who has ASD. Increasingly it is becoming a more common disability. “Autism is one of the fastest-growing developmental disorders in the U.S” (Autism Speaks). Autism has no respect for gender, race, social class and or ethnicity. “Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that involves abnormal development and function of the brain.” (Autism Center of Excellence) People who have autism have a lot of difficulties with social skills, communication and also will develop behavior issues. These behavior problems of an individual with autism can vary at times and can go from mild to severe. According to the Autism Science Foundation it says,” Many people with the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) also have unusual ways of learning, paying attention, and reacting to different sensations. The thinking and learning abilities of people with ASD can vary—from gifted to severely challenged.” The causes and symptoms, as well as the diagnosis, and the treatments of autism vary.

The first review of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition was authored by KORESSA KUTSICK MALCOLM, School Psychologist, The Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, Staunton, VA. The second edition of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale was developed for use a wider array of health care professionals as well as to establish general characteristics of children with autism who exhibit higher intellectual ability. They also made slight changes to the format of the rating book. The test comes in three forms; The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition–Standard Version, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition–High-Functioning Version and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second

Children with autism also known as autism spectrum disorder or ASD, have social, communication and language problems. It can vary from very severe to very moderate. Many children with autism tend to have restricted and repetitive patters of behavior, interest and activities. Although autism is a developmental disability, not all children with autism have the exact effects. Children with autism can have some of the following social and communication skills and behaviors such as: Social skills, communication skills, and common behaviors, leading to difficulties in areas like imaginative play. When a child has problems with their social skills it may be hard for them to connect or interact with other people. Most, if not all autistic suffer from communication skills such as understanding, talking with others, reading or writing, following directions, knowing how to behave, concentrating on tasks, and more importantly understanding and using of words. For children with autism, communication development happens differently and more

Some children with autism have a sharp mind while others have marked deficits in intellectual, social, and cognitive functioning. Restated, it is a spectrum disorder, which means that every child formally diagnosed has abnormalities which can be charted within a broad spectrum of measures and labels. Many times it can be argued that labels are designed and assigned to help us gain knowledge with respect to a specific person or group of people to whom the label has been applied. Within this context, labels can sometimes be viewed as a positive, if not helpful device when classifying. However, when it comes to autism, this does not appear to be the case. There is a wide range of presenting characteristics, some people with autism are severely affected, while others are less affected. Within this general review of the data and literature, the authors have found that those who are diagnosed with severe autism, and who are also described as being mentally retarded on measurable scales, make the least amount of improvement in IQ, adaptive/social functioning, and overall language ability. Therefore, the primary contention made by the authors is that, the main predictors of outcome when it comes to Intensive Behavioural Intervention for people with autism, are the severity of the disorder and overall IQ prior to the commencement of

According to Simmons et al. (2009), autism is classified as a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction, social communication, and an unusually restricted range of behaviors and interests. Along with behavioral and social impairments, a diagnosis of autism also requires a clinically significant delay in language development before the age of three. Asperger Syndrome has similar signs and symptoms to autism without the language delay. Together with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), these disorders form the category of Autism Spectrum Disorders (Simmons et al., 2009). Because the signs and symptoms of ASDs are almost entirely behavioral, a variety of tests, interviews, and direct or indirect observations are used in different combinations based on age and/or language level to receive the most reliable diagnosis. Although there is controversy regarding the increased prevalence of ASDs, it is obvious that there is higher regard for understanding the nature of these disorders, causing an increase of research related to this field of study. It is to be noted, however, that there are a handful of general issues to be addressed when running experiments with afflicted individuals. These issues include: which part of the autism spectrum to target, how to convey instructions and maintain attention in severely affected individuals, difficulty recruiting volunteers due to social reticence, and a change of

The purpose behind the article “Efficacy of Brief Quantitative Measures of Play for Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders” by Rodman et al. (2010) was to use the measures from a study done by Yoder and Stone in 2006 and another study by Yoder in 2006, that had been shown to be associated with communication and language and determine if those measures could be used to validly predict an Autism Spectrum diagnosis. This study was the first of its type, by comparing the performance on these measures of children with ASD to those of typically developing children. In order to make the case of the studies importance the authors provided the readers with several facts. Such as, the need for screening measures that are quick and effective for detecting ASD with young children (Rodman et al., 2010). Other facts like, clinical judgment remaining the gold standard in diagnosing ASD being problematic in its subjectivity. Another was a statistical fact from a study done by Wiggins et al, in 2006 that identified that 24% of 115 eight year old children had not received their diagnosis of ASD until they were of school age, when

As children progress through the early stages of their lives they will continually reach milestones that are somewhat of a tracker as to where they stand in their development, but at the same time it’s important to remember that even though there are suggested milestones as to a maturing task for a specific age and month, each child may mature differently than the next. One part of this progress that children will continually develop through in the early stages of their lives is motor skill development, which is the use of their larger and smaller muscles to perform adult like tasks. More specifically this development can be categorized into fine and

Objective: We examined the effect of a motor-based role-play intervention on the social skills of adolescents with high-functioning autism. METHOD. An ABA multiple-baseline design with three 3-mo phases occurring over 12 mo was used with 7 participants. Frequency of targeted verbal and nonverbal behaviors was tallied in each phase. Frequency data were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance with post hoc comparisons to examine differences in targeted behaviors over the three phases. RESULTS. Three participants completed all three study phases, 2 completed Phase 2, and 2 completed Phase 1. All participants (N = 7) demonstrated improved social skill use in Phase 1. Participants completing Phase 2 (n = 5) further improved social skill use. Additional improvements were observed among participants (n = 3) who completed Phase 3. CONCLUSION. The intervention helped participants improve targeted social skill use. Further testing with larger samples and intervention modifications is warranted.

Motor Skills Disorder falls under the diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-5). Motor Disorders are thought to be abnormalities of the central nervous system and brain, they occur when there is a lack of control or issues with the use of motor skills. These disorders are typically diagnosed in the early developmental period or before the age of 18. For the diagnosis of a motor disorder the deficit cannot fall under a different diagnosis such as muscular dystrophy and cerebral palsy. It is associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other learning disorders, prematurity and developmental

Gross motor skills seem to be highly underrated in the development of children. While we take notice of mental disabilities and severe physical impairments, we tend to overlook the importance of gross motor skills in children. Just as a healthy diet is critical to the development of young children, gross motor skills are imperative to a strong, healthy start to many developmental aspects of a child.

In today’s society, parents and adults do not fully comprehend what it means for children to play. While play can be fun for kids, it is also a learning experience for them, especially for infants; they are learning, using senses, such touch, smell, taste, etc. It is important to notice that kids (usually newborn all the way to thirty-six months) are constantly putting things in their mouths; while this can be disgusting and harmful, both, this is how children of those ages start and continue learning in their everyday lives.

Two groups of children were compared for this study. The first group, SIB-A consisted of 14 girls and 23 boys: the second group, SIB-TD consisted of 17 girls and 30 boys. Participants were between the ages of 0 and 14 months old at the time of enrolment. All children had an older sibling diagnosed with Autistic