As the western world having reached a certain development of both society and economy, they transfer their passion to a new and growing movement which is the environmental protection that commonly involves wildlife and wilderness. This kind of transfer in social ideology can be understood as a transfer from anthropocentrism to biocentrism or aesthetic anthropocentrism. Several agencies such as WWF (World Wildlife Fund) and IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) were created to seek opportunities to help and provide funds for protecting nature. However, as Guha (1989) pointed out, the emphasis on nature is positively harmful when applied to less-developed world. Guha (1989) also stated that the wholesale transfer of a movement culturally rooted in American conservation history can merely lead to the social uprooting of populations in rest parts of the world. Therefore, the new environmental agenda of rich, developed nations might undermine the interests and priorities of people who live in the third world. The first disadvantage of wilderness and wildlife preservation for less-affluent countries is the loss of traditional homes, agriculture lands, hunting accesses and culture for its local populations (Fryer, M. 2015). An example of this dark side from preservation of nature is Project Tiger. Project Tiger is launched after international concern had been raised for tiger ever since the General Assembly of the IUCN in New Delhi in 1969
This paper will begin with an exposition of the article, “Radical Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique” written by Ramachendra Guha, a sociologist and historian involved in ecological conflict in the East and the West. In this article, he refers to American environmentalism as “deep ecology”, a modern theory founded by Arne Naess. Guha’s argues that based on a comparison of the concepts of deep ecology and other cultural environmentalisms, deep ecology is strictly rooted in American culture and thus, leads to negative social consequences when it is applied to the Third World. This argument will be achieved by first defining deep ecology and its principles.
Aldo Leopold laid the foundation for environmental awareness decades ahead of a “ecological conscience” (257). There have many pleas to reconnect humanity with nature since the release of Leopold’s cherished book. Intuition and reason tell us that living in harmony with our world is more than idealistic—the future of our planet depends on it. The desire for harmony is not new one. Humans have long time sought to live in peace. It is genuine feelings of love and
Conservation of our biodiversity not only demonstrates foresight, it protects the natural resources so vital to our own continued existence. The value of any single species to an ecosystem is immeasurable; the environment will not endure without its species, despite size or niche. These animals are not dispensable. And, they are apt to face extinction in the not too distant future, unless a resolve for their preservation is insisted by the public and enforced by governments internationally.
These issues were explicitly incorporated in WWF’s 1990 Mission Statement, and have framed the organization’s on-the-ground and policy work ever since. Continuing the move from country-based projects to a targeted and more unified approach, WWF developed a global conservation strategy that focused efforts on the world’s most critical ecoregions and in six key areas – species, forest, marine and freshwater conservation, climate change and toxic chemicals. In addition to its long-standing relationships with traditional conservation partners, WWF also began to more actively engage with business and other new partners to promote sustainable resource management.
In today’s world, hardly any species of wildlife become extinct from natural causes. Europeans hunt animals to such an extent that we classify it as overhunting. We destroy their habitat, and introduce other animals that are a threat to endangered animals or are competition for resources and food. Habitat destruction is the greatest threat to both animals and plants.
Leopold discusses conservation as homo sapien involvement to respect, love, and care for the ecosystem. That we need to step back at certain times to appreciate the environment, but also harvest from the landscape and bear fruit. So conservation involves both human and non human involvement. Understanding this concept further we need to understand how we do not care and respect the environment. We need to learn what our communities problem
The conservation movement of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the environmental movement which came about after 1950 had symbolic and ideological relationships, but were quite different in their social roots and objectives. A clear point is that especially in the beginning, only the elite, wealthy class, had time left to think and enjoy nature and joined the environmental movement organizations. It was born out a movement of amateurs. The organizations of the environmental movement viewed natural resources such as water, land, and air, as recourses that would improve the quality of life (Sandbach, 1980). The conservation movement grew out of the idea of how to use water, forests, minerals and animals, fearing that they
The Western world is the dominant society with specific parameters for modernity, which understands nature-people relationships from a perspective that is grounded on human domination over the environment. Nature is regarded as a provider of resources (e.g. oil, timber, cupper, rubber, etc.) for the profit and greed of a market-based economy that seeks infinite development. Consequently, the human-nature relationships are subject-object, implying
Even with this act creatures like the Sumatran tiger are still facing certain extinction. These tigers live on the island of Sumatra. There are many threats to their species survival. One of the main threats to them is poachers.
Planet Earth is the one and only home for humans, and it’s their natural duty to protect it and all of its inhabitants. For many people, the fate of animals is of little importance, especially when there are so many of their own species suffering throughout the world. However, only when one has respect for nature can he or she come to appreciate for his or herself. In the past few decades, some animals have progressively come closer and closer to extinction. When compared to demographics 30 years ago, less than 5% of tiger and rhino populations remain in the wild (Congressional). The main culprits for this abominable crime against nature are avaricious poachers who seek personal gain and profit. Poaching is the illegal killing of
WWF is also very concerned about the communities and indigenous people located and living near the natural places they work to protect. These people depend on the environment for survival, and throughout their history they have developed traditions and practices that sustainably manage their natural resources. Some of the problems these communities face are; outside competition for land and resources, conflict with wildlife, and human population growth. WWF helps these people and communities conserve resources while improving their livelihoods by incorporating elements of governance, gender relations, health, and education
The fur and organs of tigers are of extreme value to most of Southeast Asia as the annual consumption of traditional medicines made of tiger bone, bear gall bladder, rhinoceros horn, dried geckoes and a variety of other animal parts is of phenomenal proportions. It is believed that today at least 60 per cent of China’s billion-plus people use medicines of this type. The booming economies and personal incomes of Southeast Asia have caused demand and prices to soar, lifting the international trade in wildlife products to an estimated $6 billion-a-year business, meaning that it has caused humans to take advantage and hunt tigers to the brink of
INTRODUCTION Did you know that over 1,000 tigers have been hunted over the past ten years, just for their skins. Some people think that hunting tigers is just a hobby, or that their skin just looks so pretty as a sweater. Maybe trading their body parts for millions of dollars just feel good. I’m against that. I think that hunting tigers just isn’t right and that hunting tigers should be illegal and stop everywhere around the world.
Deforestation, burning and bulldozing of their habitat must be prevented or minimized. Moreover, the government can construct more national parks, wildlife preserves and nature reserves so that endangered species can be free from negative human interference. These places allow endangered animal to have a suitable habitat, which will accelerate their survival rate. All animal life is important and worth protecting because they help to maintain an equilibrium in the ecosystem.
Protection of environmental quality is a globally growing concern, and there has been an increasing use of economic instruments in the environment protection policies, such as tradable permits or pollution charges, to reduce environmental harm by harnessing economic incentives to encourage the industries. In New South Wales, the Environment Protection Authority (“EPA”) introduced the load-based licensing (“LBL”) scheme as a new approach of environment protection licence under the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (NSW) (“POEO Act”) and the Protection of the Environment Operations (General) Regulations 2009 (NSW). Subsequently, a broader range of pollution issues is now embraced under the LBL system by