The TERA ended unofficially in 1895 when the organization had already faced a crisis of leadership and then dwindling funds. By 1896 the TERA had ceased to function completely. The organization was only in existence for 3 years, but in that time it accomplished what some of the organizations to follow would not be able to. The TERA had a statewide membership, although it remained small, with auxiliaries in cities like Beaumont and San Antonio, and had organized a convention that drew hundreds of visitors in Ft. Worth. The TERA defied Governor Hogg and brought suffrage to Texas. The organization was also well publicized and was often featured in newspapers from Dallas, Austin, Houston, and Galveston. The members of the organization often followed …show more content…
She led the group for a year, until April 1914 when Annette Finnegan who had returned to Texas was re-elected president of the organization. Finnegan gave a speech upon her reelection in 1914 in Galveston, with many members of the TWSA and a member of the Galveston Equal Suffrage Association, Minnie Fisher Cunningham. Finnegan and many men and women gathered at the corner of 25th Street and Broadway in Galveston, Texas on the 4th of July 1914. After a series of introductions, the last of which by the president of the GESA, Mrs. Cunningham, Finnegan took the main stage. Finnegan protested the current conditions of women in the United States. She stated, “There is no real democracy in America and there will never be so long as women are denied the protector of all rights, the right of the ballot.” Finnegan’s speech took a stark opposition to denying women the right to vote, but in a softer and more general tone than the TERA before her had taken. In a similar way, the TESA’s rhetoric was more toned down that the rhetoric of the TERA. Instead of claiming that women had a God-given right to vote and that all men were created equal as Hayes and other TERA members had in the past, Finnegan and TESA members maintained that women should purify politics with their vote, and clean up their …show more content…
While the TERA did not shy away from grand statements referring to the Constitution about all men being made equal, or recalling the Declaration of Independence to claim taxation without representation, the TESA maintained a more culturally acceptable tone for women in many of their public statements. The TESA would circulate flyers with language that encouraged wives to support their husbands in all areas of life, and encourage men to support their wives in achieving the vote. Many messages focused on the idea of wives and mothers being helpful in the community, and therefore being a force for good in politics. However, you can see some of the language originally used by the TERA in some TESA language. In 1917, the TESA wrote a call to the seventh annual suffrage convention, and urged President Wilson to pass suffrage for women. In the document the women echoed the tone of the TESA when they reminded President Wilson that the government only gets its power from the consent of the governed. The women stated that in this time of war, women were needed in politics, and to be included in the vote more than ever. “…The undying truth that there is no more important duty before America than the enfranchisement of her women, and particularly now when she goes forth to do battle in the sacred name of liberty.” These carefully crafted statements deviate from the traditional rhetoric, and recall
In 1892, she was asked by Susan B. Anthony to address Congress on the proposed suffrage amendment. She was passed down to role of the President of the National American Women Suffrage Association, a successor of Susan B. Anthony in the year 1900. Catt led this organization during the final challenge of the right to vote before the Nineteenth Amendment, a law allowing women to vote, was ratified in 1920. Catt worked through both state and federal levels persuading legislators to give women the right of suffrage as citizens. After women achieved the franchise, Catt reorganized the National American Women Suffrage Association into the League of Women Voters. Carrie Chapman Catt formulated a plan to achieve women’s suffrage. In April 1911, Carrie began a world tour through Sweden, Europe, Africa, India, Sumatra, the Philippines, China, Korea and Japan, and many other countries founding suffrage organizations and examining women’s conditions throughout the world. Carrie planted new ideas in the minds of citizens in many other nations across the globe. Carry Chapman Cat should be honored and praised by countless institutions for
Many women were pushing for full equality, but some agreed to settle for voting. This was a clear step back and damper on work previous women had made. If all women were not in support of the right to vote, how would they ever succeed? Anti suffrage ads began to appear everywhere. Men and surprisingly, women were not all in support of women having the right to vote. The ads were degrading towards women and were starting to appear worldwide as this was not just an issue seen in the United States. In 1890 the National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was created and a worldwide campaign for women’s suffrage was born.
Carrie Chapman Catt was an extraordinary woman and activist promoting the rights of women for their political freedoms. Moreover, Catt’s background as a principal, teacher, superintendent of schools, and women’s activist gave credibility to her being a well-educated and refined woman, providing the ethos of her claim. (History.com) For this reason, she was more than capable of advocating for all women of our great country in the fight to allow women the right to a say in their government by giving them the right to vote. Catt argued in her speech to Congress in 1917 that “Woman suffrage was inevitable.” (qtd. in Edinmuller) Through applying ethos, presenting logos, and most importantly emphasizing pathos lead to the success of Catt’s impassioned speech to Congress. The construction of this speech convinced her audience that change is inevitable as well as necessary for this country to become the great
“Beginning in the 1800s, women organized petitioned and pocketed to won three right to vote but it took them decades to accomplish their purpose”(archive.com). The organized movement started at Seneca Falls, NY with a meeting called by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. The most influential leaders during the movements were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The Suffragists and Suffragettes were trying to prove to the public that women could be doing other things apart from looking after the children and taking care of the homes. The Seneca Falls convention was organized by a group of women who had been active in the antislavery movement. The Seneca Falls Declaration called for an increase in women’s rights in these areas, as well as in education for women and the jobs available to
To what extent was the National Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848 the start to women’s suffrage?
The fight for women suffrage was one of the largest reform movements of the Progressive era. In the twentieth century, it was hard for American’s to understand why the right to vote was a big disagreement. Alan Brinkley, an American historian, wrote, “that woman
The “Declaration of Sentiments” by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott stated that all men and women were created equal, therefore they both should have the inalienable rights of “life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness” (Doc 1). Since both women and men were created equal, the idea of suffrage should be of one for all, not subjected to only white, Anglo-Saxon males. These inalienable rights of liberty should pertain to the right to vote. Additionally, it was questioned that since women were able to take care of their families, loving and guiding their children, why were they not allowed the freedom to vote (Doc 6). This poem by Herman Paley discussed the idea of how various women throughout history “gave” the United States their leaders, then they should also have the right to
Ignorant women are not so ignorant after all. Women in the United States fought for over twenty years, from 1895 to 1915, for women’s suffrage. Women never gave up and showed their strength by overcoming any obstacle that tried to stop them from voting. Anna Howard Shaw was a one of the leaders of the women’s suffrage movement in the United States. On June 21, 1915 Shaw was the voice of the American woman and gave a speech to the men of New York before Election Day in November. In “The Fundamental Principle of a Republic” the rhetorical principles of ethos, anecdote, and hypophora are utilized to persuade the men of New York that women have the right to vote.
In November 1917, Carrie Chapman Catt, leader of National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), gave an address to the United States Congress expressing her belief that woman’s suffrage was inevitable, and requesting that Congress see it as such and vote to pass the amendment. Catt’s speech was based on facts and figures (ethos) from our own country’s history, logic, reasoning, and common sense (logos); it was hard for any man to argue with, which was her goal. Catt had given hundreds of speeches in her life, and in this case, she planned her approach to be factual and unemotional to get through to those that thought of women as
During the late 19th century, women were in a society where man was dominant. Women not having natural born rights, such as the right to vote, to speak in public, access to equal education, and so forth, did not stop them to fight for their rights. Women's lives soon changed when Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony played a prominent role to help bring about change.
World War I also provided women with the means to finally achieve suffrage. Groups such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, enthusiastically joined the war effort, thereby intertwining patriotism and women’s rights. After the House of Representatives passed the women’s suffrage amendment in January 1918, President Wilson told the nation, “We have made partners of the women in this war. Shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right?” (James and Wells, 67-68). True political equality did not result from the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment—very few female candidates were elected in the 1920s—but, in the words of Allen, “the winning of the suffrage had its effect. It consolidated woman’s position as man’s equal” (96).
In the 1840’s, most of American women were beginning to become agitated by the morals and values that were expected of womanhood. “Historians have named this the ’Cult of True Womanhood’: that is, the idea that the only ‘true’ woman was a pious, submissive wife and mother concerned exclusively with home and family” (History.com). Voting was only the right of men, but women were on the brink to let their voices be heard. Women pioneers such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott wrote eleven resolutions in The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments; this historical document demanded abolishment of any laws that authorized unequal treatment of women and to allow for passage of a suffrage amendment.
The National Woman Suffrage Association was founded in 1869, one of the main suffrage organizations in the US during the 19th century. It was a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). The (NAWSA) became the parent that combined all of women’s suffrage small and stated organizations. It was one of the largest and most important suffrage organizations as well as being the primary promoter to woman's right to vote. Women during the gilded age, progressive Era received many injustices and suffered from inequality. The National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) main goal is to pursue the right to vote in different ways. The organization was established in 1890. In 1890 it became necessary to combine the efforts to try to pursue their goals. Their strategy is to pressure federal government to offer women the same constitutional protections in the Fifteenth Amendment (Keyssar,2009). After establishing (NAWSA) it became the mainstream and the most nationally visible women suffrage organization. NAWSA was the largest women's organization established to help pass woman suffrage legislation. For decades the woman suffrage movement story has been written as national stories. It’s a story that has been written through individuals and collective biography (Sneider, 2010).
This new generation of activists fought with this new agenda for almost 20 years until a few states in the West began to extend the vote to women. The Eastern and Southern states still refused to give in, but this didn’t stop the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1916, Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the NAWSA, worked vigorously to get women’s organizations from all over the country together and fight side by side. “One group of activists, led by Alice Paul and her National Woman’s Party, lobbied for full quality for women under the law” (Divine). She used mass marches and hunger strikes as strategies, but she was eventually forced to resign because of her insistence on the use of militant direct-action tactics (Grolier). Finally, during World War 1, women were given more opportunities to work, and were able to show that they were just as deserving as men when it came to the right to vote. On August 18th, 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified, allowing women to vote. This drawn-out and arduous battle opened a new window of opportunity for women all over the country. Significant changes in both social life and job availability began to create what is now referred to as the “new women.”
Manifesto Propaganda Source 1: This primary source is a manifesto with propaganda properties enticing support for the Woman Suffrage movement. This source was produced by the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) in 1897 and is directed at the general public of the time, aiming to increase female campaigners and obtain male support. Through this source the NUWSS outlines the fourteen reasons why they are campaigning for the women’s right to vote and encourages a peaceful protest towards gender inequality. The perspective of the manifesto is from Millicent Fawcett, one of the founding leaders of the NUWSS and provides an insight to the views of the members of this political organisation who believed peaceful and constitutional