Applying post-structuralism and ecocriticism to ‘The Happening’
‘The Happening’ by M. Night Shyamalan, is an apocalyptic film about plants striking back against humanity by spreading neurotoxic chemicals which induce humans to commit suicide. According to the director, this film was created to raise awareness on what humans are doing to the environment. He elaborated saying that humans today think that they are above nature, when in fact, we are at nature’s mercy because natural disasters like tsunamis could easily kill many humans. ‘The Happening’ is also a modern film and, therefore, problems raised in the film would directly relate to issues society currently has. This film gives insight into the human condition, and audiences can see how
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The relationship that plants and humans share in the film could illuminate the human condition. Plants were abundant for many centuries, long before humans came into existence, and yet, humans dominate the planet and even pollute it. Not only so, but the plants are branded as evil because they are “dangerous”. Moreover, one scene in the film reinforces the point that nature is associated with savagery. This is the scene where the protagonists come across an old lady who has secluded herself and lives in the countryside for many years. The protagonists took shelter at her house. Her crude and strange behaviour suggest that she is mentally unstable and her crude behaviour is like that of a savage. She is also portrayed to be irrational as she is paranoid of the protagonists who she believes will kill her. This lady is portrayed in a negative light so she appears as a bad person despite her generous offer of providing food and shelter for the protagonist. The film implies that her behaviour is strongly linked to the environment she lives in – the nature. However, if she had no compassion and is indeed a savage, then she would not have invited them to her house and offered food, similarly to the people they previously visited who left them to fend for themselves. In addition, despite the lady’s accusation, she did not attempt to harm them, she asked them to leave because they were no longer welcome. Despite her civilised actions, she was …show more content…
The increase of human population has caused many problems to the environment and the ecosystem. These problems include pollution, taking up land and draining resources such as food. Environment apocalyptic, which is a branch of ecocriticism, believes that one cause of death for humans is the collapsing of the environment due to overpopulation. Literary theorist Malthus states that “population would increase to the point that misery and vice halt it” (Garrard, 2012). Taking this statement into consideration, the happening can be interpreted as a sign that the world has gone out of balance, and other organisms (plants included) are suffering because humans have damaged the ecosystem. As a result, the plants took it upon themselves to change the current situation. A case in the Yellowstone park can reinforce my interpretation that plants are killing humans in order to bring balance back into the ecosystem. At Yellowstone park, wolves were removed from the ecosystem and in effect the population of dears grew exponentially. The overpopulation of dears destroyed the ecosystem which affected the lives of many other creatures. The amount of vegetation also decreased. The park was in a terrible state until they reintroduced the wolves. Likewise, the plants which are killing humans can represent the wolves in the Yellowstone park, and
Pollution has become a serious political issue. Humans that live among nature prevent damaging effects like pollution from occurring because nature is their habitat that they want to protect. This simple difference in lifestyle and in attitude already majorly distinguishes the two groups of humans. Ego is not the only factor in destruction, however. The lack of awareness about the consequences of destruction of nature causes destruction of nature. Well-known consequences like pollution exist, but there are some that are not as obvious. In the Indian fable “Numskull and Rabbit ”, the forest creatures describe how the lion’s murderous nature is not only ending lives, but is also preventing the birth of future lives as a result. An example of this mass destruction is evident in the second image from the movie, where cages full of jailed chickens that are hoarded like they are just objects are about to become poultry for human sustenance . Core principles of evolution state that reproduction of a species is imperative to their survival. If a species has a reduction in population, then the food chain becomes unbalanced, which can impact many species negatively. Humans who live among nature are more aware of their environment and how it impacts their lifestyles, so they are more careful in making sure that they do not injure its natural order. The destruction of nature is caused by simple
“The Wreck of Time,” written by Annie Dillard, illustrates societies battle with population. Dillard emphasizes the disasters that savage our world. According to the author, “ By moderate figures, the dead outnumber us about fourteen to one. The dead will always outnumber the living.” (Dillard 168) The amount of natural or man-made catastrophes do not affect the population as much as we claim. Dillards opinions are supported with facts throughout her essay, but readers are still left to question, why is our world considered to be overpopulated? Perhaps it is time for our society to consider Earth is not overpopulated in terms of people, but in resources. In addition, humans are struggling to grasp that other ecosystems are also being affected. With the introduction of Darwinism (the theory of evolution, by natural selections), humans are programed with the mentality of “survival of the fittest” forcing our humanity to evolve. Although evolution proved to be beneficial, as our immune system and way of life improved, we sacrificed our natural resources along the way. The problem with our society is not the lack of knowledge, but the ignorance and selfishness within our society. Overpopulation, threatened by the lack of resources, intimidates humans to disrupt biodiversity as we know it. (1) Man-made changes jeopardize our biodiversity. (2) As a result, the Earth’s resources are being depleted due to rapid consumption. (3) Even though we lack resources,
They are alive poems” (15-16). The plants and animals have evolved and developed to fill specific roles and niches on the earth. People should not just use the plants and animals without regard for their place on the earth; instead, people should study the plants and the animals, learn from them, and in exchange, protect them from misuse, over-use, or destruction. This is important because “all is in motion, is growing, is you” (23), the speaker tells the listener. If the listener cannot learn from the plants and the animals, cannot protect the earth, or cannot relate to her fellow human, the fragile relationship between the environment and humanity is disrupted, and the growing stops. Without the growth, humanity will soon cease to be, because that growth is what makes humanity what it is, it is what provides the catalyst for people to think, to speak, to advance.
Not only were people affected ,but also animals and almost every type of plant species available was taken
“Could it be that we are supposed to be talking to the plants and animals, interacting with them, accepting the gifts they offer, and using them in ways that further their growth?”(Starhawk, 162). I feel this quote from “Our Place in Nature” is a great way to start the topic of how artists uses plant life in their work. It shows how artists might try to interact with the environment for ideas on the works that they come up. I feel also that they are trying to be one with the environment. I feel if you spend enough time in nature, you will build a strong connection with everything around you. This comment is justified when Starhawk said, “I can walk into any forest where the trees are strange and understand something about the relationships
Michael Pollan, author of The Botany of Desire: A Plant’s View of the World, addresses four major plant groups that have both changed for human needs and simultaneously changed human’s needs. While most gardeners, genetic engineers and other plant related professionals have long-believed that plants have evolved based on what we want or need to survive and in other words what we have “domesticated”, Pollan appeals to the plant’s view. Plants’ survival has been solely based on what humans desire both depending on their visual and stimulatory appeal along with their appeal to an appetite. Conversely, plants have used humans as a strategy for “getting us to move and think for them (page xx)”. Many plants have successfully maneuvered humans for
At this point in her life she was becoming sick and was afraid she would be sold away from her family.So later the day she
The film is not only able to show the way humanity has lost contact with nature but also how much they appreciate and want it back in their society.
Second, the reading states that park wildlife was affected as well. In contrast, the professor in the lecture averts that the small plants that grow create ideal
The area of Yellowstone National Park has a long history of inhabitants, even before it became the nation’s first national park. In the area now known as Yellowstone National Park, wolves were once very prominent. However due to westward expansion in the 1800s, agriculture began to increase. This led to the wolves that once thrived in this area to being practically completely removed. The increase in agriculture in this region led to a lot of the wolves’ prey becoming reduced or eliminated. Since the wolves had a decrease in prey, the wolves began to prey on domestic animals, which then resulted in humans eliminating the wolves almost completely. By the 1930s the wolf was eliminated from the area. This was before people had an understanding of how ecosystems work and the interrelation of species. Now that the wolves were gone, elk then became overpopulated. A lot of the vegetation began to disappear as well due to the overgrazing of the elk. However after about a 70-year absence, in 1995 the wolves were carefully brought back to Yellowstone. When they brought the wolves back to the park, there was not just an effect on one species or one area but rather they affected the entire ecosystem of the area. I will discuss their effects on areas such elk, beaver colonies, scavengers, aspen trees, willow trees and cottonwood trees.
According to the documentary, “How Wolves Change Rivers”, wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone National Park for about 70 years until being reintroduced in 1995. They were killed by hunters and tourists at first because it was legal, to the point where there was none left, even though they were so beneficial to the environment that they changed rivers from the effect that they changed populations of some animal species by hunting them. However, humans hunting would be able to do the same job as wolves, which is too hunt for a specific species to balance the ecosystem and, like the wolves, change rivers in the aspect that the forests which were regenerated would stabilize the banks of rivers. To add, some people would agree that removing wolves from Yellowstone National Park was a good idea to balance animal populations and keep animals away from specific areas of the park, but I disagree because I believe humans would be able to control these populations by hunting for the proper species according to the food chain. To paraphrase, in the documentary wolves killed deer because they overpopulated the ecosystem, leaving almost no vegetation. This hunting by the wolves had later affected the environment as the population of birds
"The earth's vegetation is part of a web of life in which there are intimate and essential relations between plants and animals. Sometimes we have no choice but to disturb these relationships, but we should do so thoughtfully, with full awareness that what we do may have consequences remote in time and place" (Carson 64).
This chapter goes in depth about how plants create the universe; Carson believes that man cannot exist without plants. In the article she says, “Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall. He will end by destroying the earth.” She explains how water, soil, and plants support animal life. However, humans do not think about how essential plants are because they just see them as plants. In the West there is a campaign to destroy the sage. Sage is an area that holds soil and moisture. Many animals, such as livestock, would eat sage during harsh winters. Farmers decided to take away sage by spraying to create more land, which ended up harming the ecosystem because it forces animals to suffer because they no longer have a place to eat
humans continue to destroy plants because they feel that they are in the way or that the plants are
Nature is perceived in many different ways, according to individual experiences. Some think it is beneficial for human need whereas others think it is for sightseeing. However, nature signs are ignored, which leads an individual to not realize that nature is not a place for self identification and growth. Oftenly, individuals view nature as a get away from society or personal problems which also caused them to ignore nature signs. Therefore, in this paper the two films that will be explaining the importance of nature signs are Into the Wild and The Dust Bowl. These two films showed great affects of nature signs and how the people there reacted to it poorly by being unable to comprehend the significance as help and warnings from nature. Additionally, the people in the two films were not able to understand nature signs because they were more focused on personal needs for survival and self fulfillment. Furthermore, nature signs are important and should be taken seriously to avoid further damages.