For this experiment, a single subject rated the happiness experienced when viewing an image of abstract art. The subject used a rating scale which used a sliding scale to denote happiness evoked by the art, or a lack thereof. The score given by the rating ranged from 100, indicating very much happiness from viewing the art, all the way down to 0, indicating that the art did not evoke happiness in the least. Three different conditions were tested, including a normal condition, in which no special instructions were given to the subject; a pen between the subject’s teeth condition, which mimicked smiling; and a pen between the subject’s lips, which did not use the same muscles as the smiling/pen in teeth condition. The subject was instructed to perform each of condition a total of 11 times (for a total of 33 trials altogether), but was not told why until after the trials were finished. This was done so as not to bias the subject in regards to any of the conditions. The experiment was designed to investigate if putting the subject’s face into a simulated smiling state would influence the judgment about the amount of happiness generated when viewing abstract art (Sage, 2016). There were three levels of the factor for this experiment. The independent variable, or factor, is the pen (e.g. no-pen, pen/teeth, pen/lips) and the dependent variable is the happiness rating given to each image of abstract art. The prediction for this experiment is that the mean happiness rating will be
Rathnasambhava, the Transcendent Buddha of the South and Madonna Enthroned are very similar images that were produced by very different cultures. Both images were produced during the 13th Century. The image of Rathnasambhava, the Transcendent Buddha of the South was produced in Tibet during an interesting period of the country’s religious history. The branch of Tibetan Buddhism is led by a religious and sometimes political leader called the Dalai Lama. It was during the 13th Century during the reign of Kublai Khan, around the time of the production of this painting, that Tibet experienced the first incarnation of the Dalai Lama. One has to wonder if this painting is somehow related to that occurrence. According to
The overall results collected by 257 students for each of the expression is roughly 2.8 for frown, 3.2 for neutral, and 3.9 for smile, each data at a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. This result disproves the norm of reciprocity theory in the hypothesis since a frown received a response closer to neutral.
“the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspirations, conflict, and mortality.” The diversity of the human condition can be thought of as the very broad topic which has been and continues to be pondered and analyzed from many perspectives, including those of religion, philosophy, history, art, literature, anthropology, psychology, and biology,” (Human Condition).
In the poem One Art, the speaker reflects over the many material things that she has lost in the past, like her mother’s watch, and even bigger things like houses. By the end of the poem she ends up confronting and reflecting over the loss of her loved one, which in turn shows a more intense side of loss for her and how she as a person deals with it. Elizabeth Bishop uses repetition, and her own interjections to help convey her belief that loss is an everyday part of life, but it is how you deal with it that changes the situation. Bishop uses her repetition to describe an aspect of loss, and how it changes and affects people over time.
Throughout history, notorious and creative people have used illustrations and paintings to play on people’s emotions. One of the most famous examples of this was during World War I, with the use of propaganda posters to increase nationalistic feelings towards one’s own country. Through the mass production and creativity of the posters, many young men enlisted in their nation’s army to protect and support their country throughout the war.
The title of the article is “Facial Expression: The ability to Distinguish between enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles.”
The experiment studied 54 healthy individuals, 26 males and 28 females with a mean age of 29 years old. All participants were given a semi structured interview in order to ensure participants were healthy. An illness affecting the brain functioning, drug/alcohol abuse, or a history of neurological diseases such as stroke or epilepsy would result in exclusion from the experiment. Furthermore, they were also screened by a psychologist and given a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. The multiple methods of assessment provide thorough examination in ensuring participants fit within the criteria and are considered healthy. Participants were presented with photographs of happy facial expressions. They were asked to try and feel the emotions
For instance, the results from the cartoon amusement ratings for their second study found that the ratings for their participants differed based on when it was evaluated. When their subjects were evaluated at the time of the presentation of the cartoon, the participants in the teeth condition had higher amusement ratings. In contrast, after the presentation of the cartoons, the teeth condition rated the cartoons as less amusing than the lips condition. These results highlight that the conditions changed the participants’ affective states, but did not change their humor. Since the facial feedback hypothesis as described by Buck (1980), described an impact on a subjects emotional state this would provide a potential reason for the lack of statistically significant results for our subjects’ ratings of the funniness of the cartoons. Furthermore, this would also provide a potential reason that our BMISpositive ratings were statistically
When I learned that I was lacking a credit and needed to take Literary Studies I was not very happy or thrilled. I did not care much for reading and was worried about keeping up on reading assignments. As I was looking over what was expected in the class I became nervous. After a week or two in class I began to relax and started to enjoy the things I was reading. As I read each story it was as if my mind took a vacation from reality and entered into fantasy. I was still slow at reading and had to reread some, but I began enjoying it. I was surprised at myself to learn that my favorite thing that I have read in this class was the novel. I really thought the short fiction was going to be my favorite for the class, because that is what I normally go for is short and sweet. The novel really kept my attention and I was able to relate somewhat to the forgiveness and mercy concepts because of real life situations I have faced.
Categorization of a stimulus based on whether the resultant affect is generally positive, negative, or neutral is referred to as the hedonic valence, or hedonic tone, of the stimulus. Experiment 1 of White et al. – as well as other previously discussed research that demonstrated a transfer of excitation from exercise – documented the transfer from a hedonically neutral stimulus, physical exertion. Experiment 2 of White et al. used the same general procedure as Experiment 1, but varied attractiveness (attractive or unattractive) with valenced excitation (positive arousing, negative arousing, or neutral unarousing). The positive stimulus (sexual-humor cartoons) and the negative stimulus (dissection video) scored equivalent for excitatory potential in a pretest. Analyses of variance showed a significant main effect for attractiveness on all measures and a significant interaction effect of attractiveness and valenced excitation. Participants in the high-excitation, positive condition rated the attractive confederate more positively and the unattractive confederate more negatively compared to the low-excitation, neutral control. Likewise, participants in the high-excitation, negative condition gave more intense ratings in both directions – more positive when the confederate was attractive and more negative when the confederate was unattractive. The second experiment described in White et al. demonstrated two things with respect to categories of hedonic valence. First, the enhancement of a subsequent emotional response was directional: positive stimuli became more positive and negative stimuli became more negative. Second, excitation transfer occurred similarly both when the first and second stimulus had the same hedonic valence and when the first and second stimulus had opposing hedonic
Eddie Harmon-Jones and John J. B. Allen (2001) designed a study that focused on the mere exposure effect, which states that more exposure to a stimulus results in a positive affect toward that stimulus. Numerous studies have been conducted based on cognitive responses, but this study focused on the affective responses. The main purpose of the study was to accept or reject (test) the hypothesis that mere exposure influences affective responses using other measures than a cognitive response, such as self-report. They would test this by measuring facial electromyographic or EMG responses to the stimuli, thus measuring emotional responses. They also had three other hypothesis’ that dealt with the main hypothesis but were more specific. They alos hypothesized that familiar stimuli would stimulate a larger zygomatic (cheek) muscle region activity and/or smaller corrugator (brow) muscle region activity compared to novel stimuli and that motivational responses would be affected by familiarity when evaluating frontal cortical activity. The second purpose of the study was to determine if individual differeces in affective traits influence the reactions of mere exposure to stimuli. If
Design: This laboratory experiment includes one control and five treatments (Original, RandomWithin, Randombetween, NoChat and NoHelp). The treatment sessions conducted in four stages. In stage 1 (Group Assignment), participants were divided into two groups based on their reported painting preferences over five pairs of
Performance art is an artistic format that combines the visual with physical. The open-ended medium possesses endless variables and possibilities of immaterial means of connecting art to the body. In the feminist art movement, performance art provided a bridge that connected women to their bodies. When relating to the female form, performance art serves a command, rather than an invitation. Artists involved in this movement challenged their roles in the art world as well as in a society. While the idea of the female form has been a tradition found in classical art, the female nude continued to be defined and created by men. It wasn’t until the performance art movement that women began to fully emerge from their stereotypical submissive image
"A picture can paint a thousand words." I found the one picture in my mind that does paint a thousand words and more. It was a couple of weeks ago when I saw this picture in the writing center; the writing center is part of State College. The beautiful colors caught my eye. I was so enchanted by the painting, I lost the group I was with. When I heard about the observation essay, where we have to write about a person or thing in the city that catches your eye. I knew right away that I wanted to write about the painting. I don’t know why, but I felt that the painting was describing the way I felt at that moment.
The history of art dates back to ancient times. Artwork can be, and was, found around the world. What makes art interesting is that it can be created in any way, shape or form with any materials. It seems that the artwork can also tell us a lot about the artist. Art seems to be simply, a direct, visual reflection of the artist’s life. Therefore, one can assume that an artist’s life experiences and beliefs directly influence their art. If we look at examples from different periods of art we will be able to see the connection between the artist and the art.