The study utilises data that has already been collected as part of the Health Survey for England (HSE). The HSE is an annual survey which examines the health of the English population. It is commissioned by the NHS Information Centre for Health and Social care. The HSE has been chosen over other population surveys for the following reasons: • It allows a larger sample of the population to be included in the study than what could be collected independently over a short time period. • Anonymous data is freely available and of good quality • It collects information on multiple members of the same household • It is updated annually and most information is comparable to previous years • It collects information on drinking and mental health • A …show more content…
Stage 1 PSUs are made up of addresses which have been grouped together by postcode sectors. PSU for inclusion in the HSE are then selected randomly using stratified sampling, this involves: • Sorting all of the PSUs in England by Strategic Health Authority (SHA). • Within each SHA, local authorities are then sorted by the percentage of adults in the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) groups 1 and 2 (managerial, administrative and professional occupations). • To obtain the stratified sample, the PSUs are then selected by sampling from the sorted list at fixed intervals (from a random starting point). Using this method 564 PSUs were selected in 2012. Stage 2 Within each selected PSU, a random sample of 16 households is then drawn. In 2012 this provided 9,024 (= 564 x 16) addresses. The household response rate in 2012 was 64%, this is similar to previous years (table x). Table 4: The number of HSE respondents by survey year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Number of households selected 11995 8992 9024 9408 Response rate 66%, 70% 66% 64% 64% Total number of respondents 14112 10617 10334 10980 Number of adults (16+) 8420 8610 8291 8795 Number of children (2-15) 5692 2007 2043 2185 Table x shows 2 response rates for the 2010 survey, this is because an additional boost sample of children aged 2-15 was carried out in this year. Some children were sampled from the
The way that we sampled was random, meaning that every point is equally likely to be selected, and selection of one point does not change the probability of including any other point.[10]
Permission for conducting the research and using the spring 2016 ACHA-NCHA dataset was granted by the School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan. The project reviewed and approved by the University of Saskatchewan Research Ethics Review Board (REB). A request to obtain Canadian data for the selected variables for this analysis was sent to the ACHA-NCHA. Information regarding the University of Saskatchewan survey was obtained through collaboration with the Student Health Services office within the university campus.
1. The table below presents data for a sample of people who completed a religious survey.
M2 – Discuss the factors likely to influence current and future patterns of health in the UK
Family up bringing/background: If a child or person (adult) has a poor upbringing or background, they may be at risk of certain diseases, if they lived in a house where it was poor condition (damp, mould on the walls or floors, the mother or father not washing the child’s clothes, leaving a baby in a dirty nappy) all these can cause problems, also if the family live in a high crime rate area, the child/children may be influenced by older peers/friends to commit crimes and offences, the influenced children may become criminals, and give the impression when they have children of their own that stealing
Statistics are used to monitor and recognise the patterns of ill health throughout the UK. Once statistics are collected they are published on the National Statistics website. It is important to monitor patterns of ill health and recognise where there is a dramatic increase or increase as then the health and social funding can be spent in areas which need more help. For example, if there is a rising problem with obesity, then funds can be spent to help those who are unable to control their weight, more services will be able to be provided to those who are obese. Illnesses such as obesity are on the rise but also illnesses associated with smoking, drinking and drugs are also, funding is targeted at providing help for those who suffer from these illnesses.
In order to estimate the percentage of defects in a recent manufacturing batch, a quality control manager at Intel selected every 8th chip that comes off the assembly line starting with the 3rd, until she obtains a sample of 140 chips.
The population sampled due to its specific nature i.e., college students, and college graduates would need to be contemplated in regards to the testing results as it is offered as a depiction of the general population.
- Because all available data was used, there is a greater sample in our analysis. We assume that more data points will lead to a more accurate conclusion.
Probability sampling, also known as random sampling, requires that every member of the study population have an equal opportunity to be chosen as a study subject. For each member of the population to have an equal opportunity to be chosen, the sampling method must select members randomly. Probability sampling allows every facet of the study population to be represented without researcher bias. Four common sampling designs have been developed for selection of a random sample: simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling (Burns & Grove,
The overall selection rate is equal to 17/30. When it comes to minorities the PS scores for 6/9 score was 7 or higher with a selectin rate of 66.7%. For non-minorities 11/21 had a PS score of 7 or higher with a selection rate of 52.4%. For males 9/15 had a PS score of 7 or higher with a selection rate of 60%. For females 8/15 has a PS score of 7 or higher with a selection rate of 53.3%.
These surveys sample about 15,000 students each year spanning across the three grades under consideration. However, not every question is asked of every student. Certain questions are reserved for certain subsamples.
Upon entering the study students signed in and were handed an informed consent. Participants were randomly assigned to a condition by picking a slip of paper from alternating cups that contained a number one through eight. Students then took a seat an individual computers and informed consents were reviewed, signed and collected by a research assistant. Participants were provided with headphones by the research assistants if they did not bring their own. Participants then began the survey. They were first asked to report their age in years. If they responded with an age less than 18 years they were thanked for their time and no further questions were asked. Students 18 years and older proceeded with the survey. They were then
This discrepancy also meant that the sample was unrepresentative of the population. Convenience sampling also allows the opportunity for bias to affect the results. Future research could look at a larger more representative sample to overcome this.
allows for participants that are more willing to adhere to the study, and therefore may impact the