The Importance Of Education In Education

Rehabilitation for at risk teens has been an ongoing issue that runs deep in certain communities. When kids at young ages are exposed to stress and have to cope early on with dysfunction they are denied the opportunity to mature and conditioned to commit thinking errors that perpetuate a young offender into an adult offender. To find ways to break this cycle John Hubner accounts his time on the Giddings State School Capital Offenders Program and how a group of counselors are able to combine many strategies in rehabilitating young offenders who have committed serious crimes. Young people convicted of serious crimes are often transferred to adult prisons that institutionalize young people to prison life only increasing the likely hood of

In the article “Incarcerating Youth As Justice? An In-depth Examination Of Youth, Incarceration, And Restorative Justice,” Maynard, Robyn, has done many research on youth incarceration. She wants readers to know how incarceration affect youth’s mind, how should we help them, and what cause youth to be criminal. According to her research, there is an act call Youth Criminal Justice Act. She says that this act allows judges to release the name of youth offenders to the public in order to make them feel shame about what they do. This act causes the decline of youth incarceration. Although this act works efficiently, posting youth offenders ' names to the public cause negative effect on the youth. Rhonda Buckland, a counselor in a youth organization, says that this act makes youth offenders lose the ability to survive in the society. They become weaker than others and lose the ability to communicate with others. Maynard, Robyn also finds out the biggest factor that causes youth incarceration is racial profiling. Because of their races, police treat them differently, and that makes them feel helpless in the

Studies suggest that there is a divide between the government and public response to juvenile incarceration. Bullis & Yovas (2005) state that support is given to correctional facilities to house juvenile offenders as a form of punishment (as cited in Shannon, 2013, p. 17). Individuals who support this perspective are often more likely to support the construction of more prisons and stern penalties on crime based upon the presumptions that youthful offenders are aware of the consequences of their actions (Drakeford, 2002 as cited in Shannon, 2013, p. 17). On the other hand, opponents of this perspective believe that incarceration creates an opportunity to rehabilitate the offenders (Huffine, 2006 as cited in Shannon, 2013, p. 18). This perspective supports the purpose of juvenile detention centers as “preparatory in nature – that is, offering services focused on the development of skills needed to return successfully to mainstream

Studies suggest that young people are often at risk of re-offending (e.g. Sharkey, et al, 2003; Vincent & Seagrave, 2005). Sharkey and his colleagues explained that youth often reoffend since, as they prepare themselves in returning to their respective communities, they are usually confronted by similar situations that had influenced their behaviors prior to committing offenses. Another group of researchers however show that youth engaged in education, employment and other productive endeavors in their communities within 6 to 8 months after their release are less vulnerable to commit another offense (e.g. Keating, et al., 2002, Bullis, et al, 2002, Grossman & Tierney, 2008).

According to Ruddell and Thomas (2009), in 2006 it was estimated that there was 93,000 juveniles in either a detention center or juvenile correctional facility; however, the arrest rates have decreased at least by 2,000 since 1993. Many juveniles on release are reoffending quickly since most of them have been locked up throughout their developmental years and their brain did not get the right cognitive development it needed to help make the right decision. Many different states and correctional institutions have started their own different programs to help decrease recidivism rate in juveniles. Two programs that will be examined further are the Capital Offender Group that was implemented by Giddings State School in Texas, and the Juvenile Cognitive Intervention Program that was implemented by the State of Wisconsin Department of Corrections.

The theoretical schools were peer justice, procedural justice, 
deterrence, 
labeling, 
restorative justice and repentance, law-related education, and
skill building. All seven perspectives offer reasons why teen courts may reduce recidivism. The ETC Project collected data from more than 500 juveniles across the four program sites and measured the differences in recidivism between youth handled in teen courts and those handled by the traditional juvenile justice system. The bottom-line result of the ETC Project comparisons of recidivism within six months of each juvenile referral indicate that teen court participants were significantly less likely to re-offend than were comparison group (Butts, et.al., 2002).

A surprisingly large majority of young offenders outgrow crime. According to Gail Garinger, a Massachusetts juvenile court judge, “it is impossible at the time of sentencing for mental health professionals to predict which youngsters will fall within that majority and grow up to be productive, law-abiding citizens and which fall into the small minority that continue to commit crimes” (94). Everyone is bound to make poor decisions in their lives. More than the other there are just good people making bad choices. Children should be given the opportunity to demonstrate that they can mature and rehabilitate. They deserve a chance to prove that they can become different people. The best time to decide if someone is deserving of spending most to all of their life in prison is not when they are a child. If placed in juvenile correction systems, teens can be given the support and needed help to change their ways and prove that they will not always be the immature criminal they once

Juvenile detention facilities are a secure jail or prison for minors under the age of eighteen. Delinquents are sent there to await a trial or sent there for long-term care facilities and programs. Juveniles go through a separate court system than adults, which is the juvenile court. There are many different pathways for juveniles to take once processed in the juvenile court. the appearance in court and secure confinement implies that a juvenile has been committed. Other kinds of facilities are group homes, training schools, shelters, ranch/wilderness camps, and reception/diagnois centers. According, to the Juvenile Justice textbook, the juvenile justice system stresses rehabilitation rather than punishing youths. What effective ways juvenile facilities do to reduce recidivism? Corrections has served several goals from retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation “More than 70 percent of the public agree that incarcerating youthful offenders without rehabilitation is the same as giving up on them” (the textbook).

“The Indiana Department of Correction (IDOC) defines recidivism as a return to incarceration within three years of the offender’s date of release from a state correctional institution.” (Schelle, 2012) The 2011 recidivism rate for all juvenile offenders was 36.7%. The recidivism rate for African American juvenile offenders was 43.8%. Eighty-two percent of the juveniles who recidivated did so with a new crime, and the other 18% returned because of technical violations. “Of all juveniles released in 2008, 40.9% of males returned to IDOC, while only 15.8% of females returned,” (Schelle, 2012). Surprisingly, juvenile sex offenders had the lowest recidivism rate at 13.6%. (Schelle, 2012)

Dmitrieva et al. (2012) draws attention to the two most common types of detention for juvenile offenders being secure facilities and residential treatment facilities (Dmitrieva et al 2012, p. 1074). Secure facilities are punishment oriented, whereas residential treatment facilities place high emphasis on rehabilitation, requiring participation in services such as education programs and counselling. When deciding on the youth’s consequence for their crime, the juvenile’s potential for change and risk for future offending must be taken into consideration (Steinberg 2009, p. 465). Juvenile’s who have an extensive list of prior offences or are perceived to be unlikely to benefit from rehabilitation are deemed more likely to reoffend and are therefore more likely to be incarcerated for the purpose of punishment rather than rehabilitation. In order for a decision to made in the child’s best interest, policy makers and mental health professionals need to be able to recognise and understand the developmental changes that occur during childhood through to adolescence regarding competence, culpability and likeliness to respond to treatment (Steinberg 2009, p. 465). For the Juvenile Justice System to affectively deter future offending, this information is essential, as there is no point incarcerating a child that has no understanding of the crime they

In the past several years researchers have found intervention strategies and program models that hope to prevent juvenile delinquency and promote good social attitudes and development (Greenwood, 2008). More than 1,000,000 adolescents go through the American Criminal court system every year and of those approximately 160,000 juvenile offenders are sent to juvenile placement centers (Henggeler & Schoenwald, 2011). The U.S. criminal justice system has been wise enough to realize that treatment programs need to be implemented in order to lessen recidivism in these young offenders and help ensure that they go on to live healthy productive lives.

Currently to deal with juvenile offenders involved in the youth crime, there are two options available. The first option that prevails to a larger extent is known to us as incarceration while the second option that is slowly gaining trends is known to us as rehabilitation programs. This paper focuses on thorough analysis of both these options and the impact that they have on the offenders as well as the society as a whole. The paper also assesses the viability of these options in order to determine which of these will prove to be more effective and beneficial.

Juvenile Justice System is the primary system used to address and deal with youth who are caught and convicted of crimes. The juvenile justice system intervenes in delinquent behavior through police, court and correctional involvement, and is largely punitive. Youth and their parents or guardians can face a variety of consequences including probation, community service, youth court, youth incarceration, and alternative schooling. The juvenile justice system, similar to the adult system, operates from a belief that intervening early in delinquent behavior will deter adolescents from engaging in criminal behavior as adults. Furthermore, according to Elizabeth S. Barnert, statistic which stated that about 2 million juveniles were arrested and over 60 000 detained annually. The statistic displayed that the United States incarcerates a larger proportion of youths than any other developed country. In addition, 1 to 3 incarcerated adolescents represent a high-risk, vulnerable population with disproportionately high rates of unmet physical, developmental, social, and mental health needs, and higher mortality. Moving forward, 4 to 7 juvenile offending predicts a higher likelihood of chronic adult offending, as well as adverse adult outcomes such as poor health, substance use, and increased mortality. Nevertheless, African American youths are approximately 5 times more likely, and Latino and American Indian adolescents are 3 times more likely, to be detained than their White

Regardless of age, more severe punishment is sometimes necessary for juvenile offenders to compensate for their faults. Juvenile detention center sentences are harsh, but are often in the best interest of civilians. Except for a few, offenders are all released at some point, so they must be prepared for their reentrance to the community and prevented from coming back. Only eight percent of juveniles are likely to reoffend and can be identified through risk factors, such as problems at school and home, and then be provided with services like counseling (The 8% Solution 1). This program is based more on prevention and intervention, but some are already sucked into a lifestyle of trouble. While it is not too late for them, it is better to rehabilitate those who have yet to fall in too deep rather than hard-core criminals.

This paper explores the factors that contribute to the recidivism rate of juvenile offenders. Recidivism refers to a person 's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime. It explains the advantages and disadvantages that intervention programs, extracurricular activities, education and home and family life have on juvenile offenders. A juvenile offender is defined as a child or young person who has been found guilty of some offence, act of vandalism, or antisocial behavior before a juvenile court (Gelber, 1979). The articles used in this paper are used to inform the reader of various ways to help reduce the recidivism rate of juvenile offenders. Some of the articles explain the advantages and others explain the disadvantages of the various programs.