The Integration Of Robotics And Artificial Intelligence

Robots can effect employment in a negative way,as said by the author Kelly “It may be hard to believe… 70 percent of today’s occupation will likewise be replaced by automation...even you will have your job taken away by machines”(Kelly Page.300), this quote comes to show the negative aspect of robots taking over the world in the near

Will robots take over the world? Will there be no need for humans at all in 50 years? Will the world be solely run by robots? The answers to these questions is no. Kevin Kelly’s essay title, “Better than Human: Why Robots Will- and Must- Take Our Jobs” gives us clear reasons not to fear robots, but to eagerly await their robot “takeover” which in his opinion has “already begun” (301). Kelly gives many clear and insightful facts from our past, present and predicted future about robots and the innovation that is to change our world for the better. While Kelly’s essay thoroughly persuades the reader that robots are all good, we should not jump to utopian conclusions. Robots will take many of our current jobs. In the past, innovation has taken certain jobs and replaced them with totally new positions that we could never have imagined. We must be ready for unemployment to rise in many levels of the economy because robots will replace diverse sections of labor from taxi drivers and house cleaners to pharmacists and surgeons.

In “Better Than Human,” Kevin Kelly, Senior Maverick of Wired Magazine, insists that automation will allow us to become more human. When society grants automation the permission to complete the most menial tasks, it will allow individuals trapped in dead-end careers such as fastening bolts onto cars, to search for their true passions which only humans can accomplish. More people will be able to pursue jobs that robots, for now, can not complete with ease. Kelly believes that as artificial intelligence and the creators of it advance, more jobs will be created to fulfill society's growing needs. The simple tasks of assembling new machinery can be completed by the already established automation; while the job of developing software that controls

Can anyone imagine a factory rid of workers and filled with robots? In the course of the next few decades it may be possible and technology replacing the jobs of hardworking people in the U.S. is an all-around controversial topic. Eventually, it will be an epidemic that will need to be resolved in the near future. Even though it may seem impossible, the age of new technology and no humans is coming.

We have already seen a decrease in jobs due to automation. Since 2000, the United States has lost 5 million factory jobs, while from 2006 to 2013, manufacturing grew by 17.6% (roughly 2.2% a year). 88% of those jobs were lost due to “productivity growth,” cites a study by Ball State University. The study also found that all sectors grew in terms of productivity by at least 32% from 1998 to 2012 when adjusted for inflation, with computer and electronic products rising 829%. In fact, the researchers found: “If 2000-levels of productivity are applied to 2010-levels of production, the U.S. would have required 20.9 million manufacturing workers instead of the 12.1 million actually employed.” In summary, due to companies’ expenditures in automation and software, the output per U.S. manufacturing worker has doubled over the past two decades. Indeed, “the real robotics revolution is ready to begin,” according to the Boston Consulting Group, who predict “the share of tasks that are performed by robots will rise from a global average of around 10% across all manufacturing industries

Compared to last century, workers in manufacturing jobs feel more threatened by automation than ever before. While the number of jobs eliminated by automation continues to increase, employers are also less willing to create jobs. In the article "Special report: Automation puts jobs in peril," Nathan Bomey, a business reporter for USA Today, explores the current position of manufacturing workers. In the article, Bomey explains how, "about 58% of CEOs plan to cut jobs over the next five years because of robotics, while 16% say they plan to hire more people because of robotics" (3). Only the United States Government has the power to create a solution to the quandary of workers affected by the switch to technology in the workforce.

Currently, there are jobs that robots can do better than humans, such as weaving and car manufacturing (Kelly 306). Again, when those machines first came to fruition, they eliminated human jobs, but then created jobs. Additionally, there are jobs that humans simply cannot do without robots such as making computer chips (Kelly 306). Looking toward the future, Kelly concludes that if we collaborate with machines and allow them to take over, we will “let them help us dream up new work that matters” (Kelly 312).

90,000 jobs were developed in robotics but 300,000 workers lost jobs. New technologies affect workers need for training and more education. For instance, employees need to gain new skills constantly to keep up with the ever-changing technical world of work. Last, even though computer-engineering jobs are supposed to be one of the quickest expanding jobs, the total number of jobs available will be low in the future (Hodson & Sullivan, 2012). Of course, there are people gaining jobs due to technology.

As technology advances and robots become more vital to our everyday life, machines will ruin the human race. Although, the invention of robots has created major controversy around it, according to Kevin Kelly, writer of “Better than Human: Why Robots Will—and Must—Take Our Jobs”, it is believed that increasing automation in the workplace must occur because it will benefit our society and increase productivity. He suggest that instead of essentially competing against robots we should welcome them and work alongside them. Kelly uses convincing arguments and an authoritative matter of fact tone to successfully persuade the reader, but fails to use counter arguments to further prove his argument.

Some science fiction authors have predicted horrible futures due to AI and robots taking over jobs and later humanity, but many writers like Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson (authors of The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies) dismiss this idea as one unlikely extreme. McAfee and Brynjolfsson describe in their book the nature of machines and manual labor as complements and how their slow delving into becoming economic substitutes as objectively good rather than negative. Businesses naturally do risk cutting automated jobs, but such a move would open an entire new field of jobs for humans to fix and build machines. In turn, businesses like RobotWorx argue that they can make more profit, increase wages for the quality of work from their skilled workers, and remain at the competitive level expected in the modern economic market (more extensive list can be found in their website here). Naturally, such statements beg the question that our economy would not crash because it would naturally adapt and shift due to the moves as it has when such inventions like the assembly line and textile mills came to invention.

Kelly says, “before the end of this century, 70 percent of today’s occupations will likewise be replaced by automation.” (300) All of the easy jobs will get taken first because robots will be able to do those jobs ten times faster then any human could ever think about doing. Machines and robots will start taking all the jobs that are pretty simple before they really get advanced and start to take most of the human jobs. He says that they will start doing white-collar work because software can already make a newspaper article by just looking at statistics. Kelly tells us that, “no matter what your current job or your salary, you will progress through these Seven Stages of Robot Replacement, again and again.” (310) To paraphrase these seven step, people will think there is no way robots could ever be able to do there job until the robots get more high-tech and end up taking your job. The person will find a new job but the robots will end up taking their new job over and over again. The world as we know it will change

Although there was so much talk in the past eight years about how automation is going to take over the jobs, technology has not done much to impact the hours that humans have; in fact, robots taking over the jobs in the future is not a sure thing due to the lack of evidence. This is a great article because it furthered my knowledge about the topic. For example, I learned strategies people are using to help humans fight against automation. This article is about automation and how confident people are that robots will take over human’s jobs in the future. The argument that The Atlantic is making is that there is not much evidence that automation will take over; however, this can all change once a recession comes again. As we are on the brink

need human beings to get the job done. As the robots take the basic labor jobs, people

The industrial robots are applied in all branches of the industry. The highest level of application is in the automobile industry, but the number of installed robots is increasing in other industries as well (Karabegovic, Dolecec, Husak, 2011).

If you think robots are the kind of thing you hear about in science-fiction movies, think again. Right now, all over the world, robots are performing thousands of tasks. They are probing our solar system for signs of life, building cars at the General Motors plants, assembling Oreo cookies for Nabisco and defusing bombs for the SWAT team. As they grow tougher, more mobile, and more intelligent, today’s robots are doing more and more of the things that humans can’t or don’t want to do and in many cases taking away the need for human labor.