The Issue Of Student Offending

The investigation of crime, society’s reaction to it and approaches to prevent it are all areas that have interested me from my adolescent years. I have an interest and passion for Criminology studies for the strict purpose of wanting to fulfill a deeper understanding of the causes and consequences of crime and exploring how crimes affect our society. This shady interest in the criminal world has encouraged me to pursue the subject at degree level and to seriously consider a career in a related field. At the beginning of the course my understanding on crime and criminology was mostly derived from the internet or media. These tools became very useful for me to learn different subjects of crime.

Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess sociological views of crime reduction strategies. (21 marks).

‘Most London knife crimes are no longer gang-related, police say’ was an article written for The Guardian in October 2016. It was about the rising amount of knife crime in London and how young people are increasingly carrying knives for protection. Knife crimes in London have risen by 16% in the past two years, with 13 people who have be killed this year under the age of 25. In the 12 months to August 2016, there were 3,877 victims of knife crime who were injured, 1,749 of whom were under 25. This made me aware of a rising offence we're facing and made me more determined to be a part of something to help make a change. I have always had a keen interest in why people commit a crime and their motive for it. Studying Criminology in higher education will help me pursue my chosen career in policing and investigation of crime.

A science teacher in Mississippi asked her students to take a picture with their completed DNA Lego model. John Doe took his picture with a smile and a hand gesture in which his thumb, index, and middle finger was raised. This was enough to earn him an indefinite suspension with a recommendation for expulsion because his school administrators believed he flashed a gang sign although he was simply putting up three fingers to represent his football jersey number. (NPR Isensee, 2014). This kind of criminalization of young people contributes to suspension, dropout, and incarceration, and too often pushes students into what is referred to by many education scholars and activists as the “school-to-prison pipeline,” a term that refers to “the

BibliographyBooks:1 - S Ludlam and M Smith - Governing as New Labour (2004) (Chapter 11)2 - J Muncie - Youth Crime (2004) (Chapters 6.4, 7.2, 7.4)Websites:1 - (http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980037_en_2#pt1-ch1-pb1-l1g1 - UK Crime & Disorder ACT 1998 - URL accessed 14/11/2007)2 - (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1883277.stm - BBC News 20/03/2002 - URL accessed 15/11/2007)3 - (http://www.nfh.org.uk/resources/Articles/asbo/index.php - Neighbours from Hell - 20/01/2004 - URL accessed 14

I was reading an article from NSW Criminology apparently "youth gangs" are becoming popular in Australia with the First Nations. They are thinking this has to do with the overrepresentation in the criminology system. I am leaning more towards this topic finding out the correlation of overrepresentation and the possibility of joining or having gang membership.

The role of research within the criminal justice system is aimed towards reducing criminal activity in a potentially popular crime area. law enforcement agencies do this is through a number of ways. One of them is predictive policing. Predictive policing refers to the use of mathematical, predictive and analytical techniques in law enforcement to identify potential criminal activity (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_policing). Predictive policing works with situational awareness and anticipation of human behavior, resulting in the development or strategies to prevent criminal activity.

The author Ruddell utilized primary research data in his investigation to evaluate the number of gangs and their aggressive behavior in local jails across the United States (Ruddell, 2006). We see that they collected their primary research from a large number of jails from around the nation that supported their findings (Hagan, 2010). The benefit for receiving they’re on primary research is that they were able to evaluate the raw data that allowed them to see for themselves how productive their research was and what areas should be focused on for more evidence collection to understand their research topic further. The limitations of their study are that the questionnaires that they used did not allow for follow up questions for the researchers

The 40 articles employed by this research encompasses all aspects of qualitative and quantitative research which is relevant to the themes and subject matters as acknowledged in the discussion and findings section. The Criminal justice abstracts and the BHI (British Humanities Index) (ProQuest) generated a substantial amount of articles probably because of their evidence based nature.

Incorporating the public in debates and research is not unique to criminology but is also seen within the sociology field. We can go into more depth with this definition to understand what ‘public’ sphere we are dealing with and how that connects to criminology research and development. There are different public spheres, as discussed by Loader and Sparks (2011), including the scientific expert, policy advisor, observer-turned player, social movement theorist-activist, and the lonely prophet (28). In other words, criminology gone public can relate to anyone of any status, education, or occupation and any realm of the public society. Fichtelberg and Kupchik (2011) state that the ‘public’ includes “many stakeholders, policy makers, citizens at large, parents, children, criminals, the elderly, disadvantaged communities, non elected officials (principals) and many subgroups within each group (parents of different ethnic/religious/socioeconomic backgrounds)” (72). It doesn’t matter if you have a high level of previous knowledge on the given subject or no past knowledge; everyone

Academics can be used in two different ways here; learning to help criminal justice professionals and providing information for students. Just like our textbook, criminal justice research can be done for academic purposes to teach all aspects of Criminal Justice. Criminal Justice classes range from high school to graduate school, that means there needs to be academic resources for all those years’ worth of learning and teaching. But it can also be to learn more about the Criminal Justice system as a whole for those who are working in it. For example, research may be done to learn why adolescences are behaving the way they are. Then social service personnel can read and learn from this research to further help

I believe that students should not be expelled on the first offense. Even though it is very dishonorable to cheat, there is a lot of pressure to get good grades. Ellen Mitchell, admissions administrator at Duke University, states that almost all students have had the pressure to cheat (para 1). Studies show that 65% of college freshman have been caught cheating, and only 22% were given severe punishments (Mitchell para 1). Also, when giving discipline, each situation should be looked at differently. Sidney Shelman, from The University of Kansas, explains that students and parents pay alot for classes, and expelling them for one offense is very harsh (para 2). She also explains that some students might like they are summarizing or paraphrasing,

students. She sets out to learn how to effectively teach and provide an interesting, stimulating,

Disruptive behaviors are conditions that can have a great influence in the teaching environment. Disruptive behaviors unswervingly hinder the ability of the teacher or the capability of a learner to benefit from their classroom experiences. Students attend schools with hopes of being productive citizens of society. I like to think of students as future leaders of tomorrow! For the most part, students attend school because it is the law. A learning environment should have actively engaged students, who are eager to participate and show knowledge is being acquired on a daily basis. However, some students are bored and disengaged with academic struggles, due to non-active lessons. Certain life factors such as family problems, financial difficulties are all factors that distract and contribute to students disruptive behaviors. One of the most detrimental settings for a teacher in a class is classroom management. Classroom management is defined as being "the methods and strategies an educator uses to maintain a classroom environment that is conducive to student success and learning" (McCreary, 2011). Disorderly student conduct is unfavorable to the entire academic process because they impede with the learning process of other classmates and cause teachers not to be able to instruct teachers most effectively.

Classical criminology is “usually seen as the first ‘real’ criminology” (Tierney,2009), due to its emergence in the eighteenth century, heralded by scholars Jeremey Bentham and Cesare de Beccaria. It is centred on the ‘act’ rather than the ‘offender’, as well as the use of punishment as a deterrence. Yet whilst classical criminology has evolved slightly over time, it’s narrow minded focus on the ‘offence’ rather than the ‘offender’ can result in the overlooking of crucial details that may have facilitated the offence. Such details can include low-socio economic upbringing, mental health issues or social inequality. Therefore, when dealing with youth crime in Melbourne, only a limited amount of crime is explainable as classical