Section One: The Black Death I. Preconditions/Causes of the Plague A. Population of Europe doubled in 1000-1300 1. Strained food supply 2. Caused higher unemployment rates and lower wages B. The Black Death followed trade routes from Asia into Europe 1. The plague traveled south to north along major trade routes II. Popular Remedies A. People believed that the plague was caused by corruption in the atmosphere 1. Some people blamed poisonous fumes from earthquakes B. Remedies 1. Many people wore “aromatic” amulets 2. lifestyle changes a. moderate and temperate living b. fleeing from the plague or staying in seclusion 3. religious fanatics a. flagellants b. Jews as scapegoats III. Social/Economic Consequences A. Farms decline 1. Supply and demand: …show more content…
France paid a ransom of 3 million gold crowns for King John II 2. Stage Two: French Defeat and the Treaty of Troyes a. After Edward III died in 1377, England experience domestic issues during the reign of Richard II i. English Peasants’ Revolt (1381) 1. The revolt was led by John Ball and Wat Tyler 2. Artisans and peasants joined together and demanded privileges b. England continued the war when Henry V was king i. Battle of Agincourt- 1415 1. English claimed the victory and left most of the French nobility dead 2. Against England, France was powerless ii. Treaty of Troyes- 1420 1. Henry V became the successor to Charles VI (The French king) 2. Henry V and Charles VI died within a few months of each other. Soon after, the baby Henry VI was announced to be the king of England and France 3. Stage Three: Joan of Arc/War’s Conclusion a. The capture of Joan of Arc i. The people of Burgundy captured Joan of Arc and turned her over to the Inquisition in England ii. On May 30, 1431, she was executed as a heretic iii. 25 years later, Charles VII announced her as innocent iv. In 1920, the Roman Catholic Church declared her a saint b. By 1453, after the war had finally ended, England only had control of Calais 4. Results of the Hundred Years’ …show more content…
Clement VII was still the French pope 2. Emperor Sigismund demanded that John XXIII call a council in Constance which made a declaration entitled Sacrosancta which: a. elected a new pope, Martin V (the three other popes were forced to resign) b. asserted the supremacy of church councils over individual pope c. demanded that regular meetings of church councils F. The Council of Basel (1431-1449) 1. Church council negotiated directly with the Hussites, a group formerly identified as heretics 2. Four Articles of Prague presented to council by Hussites a. give laity the Eucharist with the cup as well as bread b. free, itinerant preaching c. exclusion of clergy from holding secular offices and owning property d. just punishment of clergy who commit mortal sins 3. Council of Basel showed dominance over the papacy but Pope Pius II (r. 1458-1464) issued a papal bull Execrabilis which condemned appeals to councils and made them completely void. G. Consequences 1. Without effective papal authority and leadership, secular control of national or territorial churches increased a. Kings asserted their power over the church in England and France b. German, Swiss, and Italian magistrates and city councils reformed and regulated religious
The Renaissance was an important event in human history that caused us to realise how important being individual is. When the black plague occurred, it made people think that there may not be a god because of how tragic it was. Many important people such as Leonardo Da Vinci began making art and literature that were less religious and more in this world. Also the city states had changes that were necessary for the Renaissance. Without the changes Europe experienced we would still be under the rule of the church and be forced into a certain religion instead of being free thinking individuals.
2. Marsiglio of Padua had claimed in 1324, in Defensor Pacis, that authority within the
The plague, otherwise known as “the Black Death”, brought on much turmoil and suffering for the habitants of Pistoia. Numerous ordinances were put into effect with the primary goal of limiting the spread of the plague as well as to keep the city as healthy as possible. These ordinances typically focused on confinement, i.e. no one goes to Pisa and Luca and no one from Pisa and Luca is allowed to enter Pistoia (ordinance 1), how death and burials are to be processed (ordinances 3-12), and how butchers were to handle their animals and animal carcasses (ordinances 13-19). Essentially, confinement was targeted in hopes of stopping the spread of the infection while keeping the city isolated. Secondly, how the bodies of plague victims and their
In the late Middle Ages the worst evil known to man terrorized Europe. People were dropping dead everywhere and there was no place to put them. This vicious culprit was known as the Black Plague. During the 14th century in Europe millions of people died from the plague and the plague brought about great change. Before the plague there was peace and prosperity in the High Middle Ages and after the plague things were different. Historians consider the outbreak of the Black Plague a watershed moment because of great social, religious and economical changes.
The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was a rapid infectious outbreak that swept over Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s resulting in the death of millions of people. Tentatively, this disease started in the Eastern parts of Asia, and it eventually made its way over to Europe by way of trade routes. Fever and “dark despair” characterized this plague. The highly contagious sickness displayed many flu-like symptoms, and the victim’s lymph nodes would quickly become infected. The contamination resulted in a colossal and rapid spread of the disease within one person’s body. Due to the lack of medical knowledge and physicians, there was little that people could do to save those dying all around them. Now that a better understanding of
In the 14th century the Black Death engulfed Europe killing an estimated 50 million people. The pandemic is considered extraordinary because it did so in a matter of months. This disease was carried by fleas, the Bubonic Plague is caused by a bacteria called Yersinia pestis, found mainly in rodents, in this case in rats, and the fleas that feed on them.
Beginning in the mid-fourteenth century, a plague swept the world like no other. It struck in a series of waves that continued into the eighteenth century. The first wave was estimated to have killed twenty-five million people, about a third of the Western Europe population at that time. Throughout the different outbreaks, the plague, also known as the Bubonic Plague or the Black Death, caused people to react in several ways. Some people believed the plague was a medical problem that can be treated, some found themselves concerned only with their own greed, still others believed there was nothing they could do and reacted in fear, and most people believed it was a form of divine
In 542 CE an illness called, The Great Plague struck Constantinople that was so overpowering, it changed the substance of history perpetually in Eastern Europe. The malady was initially seen in Pelusium, an Egyptian harbor town. The issue with this torment was that nobody was certain of what brought on it. In later years we have discovered that the illness was brought about by microscopic organisms and parasites that utilized rats as hosts. North Africa, in the eighth century CE, was the essential wellspring of grain for the realm, alongside various distinctive wares including paper, oil, ivory, and slaves. Put away in inconceivable distribution centers, the grain gave an impeccable reproducing ground to the bugs and rats, critical to the transmission of torment. These rats would then contaminate our
The Black Death of the mid-fourteenth century will have the greatest impact on the 16th and 17th centuries. The plague caused the European population the drop by 25 to 50 percent, induced movements and many revolts, and prompted changes in urban life. The European population dropped by 25 to 50 percent between 1347 and 1351. So, if the European population was 75 million, this would mean the 18.75 to 37.5 million people died in four years. There were also major outbreaks that lasted many years until the end of the 15th century. Mortality figures were incredibly high. As a result, the European population did not begin to recover until the 16th century. It took many generations after that to achieve thirteenth-century levels. The plague induced movements and many revolts in Europe.
Doctors and other scholars have come to the conclusion that the deathly plague was caused by a bite of an infected flea. In the fall of 1347, the Black Death appeared in Europe by sea when trading ships landed at the Sicilian port of Messina after an extended journey through the Black Sea. The people of Sicily went to approach the traders and greet them, instead they were left speechless to what they have witnessed. Almost everyone on the ship were deceased and if one was alive, they would be close to death. They were affected with a fever and was unable to keep food down. Their bodies had these mysterious black boils all over and would constantly bleed and pus. The black boils gave the plague its name. The Sicilian authorities ordered the
Did you know that 25 million people died in the 1300s? It wasn’t from natural causes. It was from a horrible killer called the Black Death.
Why does death stink that badly? Plague started in the year of 1348 and it took about two years to spread all over Europe. The plague spread quickly throughout Europe. The symptoms of the infected reacted quickly and left families abandoned. The plague was really devastating.
What I found to be interesting in the eleventh module on the lecture on Witch Persecutions and Trials – Part One was the Bubonic Plague. The Bubonic Plague was also referred to as the “Black Death” that occurred in the 14 century and killed 34 million Europeans, which was roughly one-third of the population. However, the Bubonic Plague did not only devastate Europe, but Asian and the Middle East as well for over 75 million people worldwide succumbed to the Black Death. Despite the fact that the Bubonic Plague originated in the 14th century it kept reoccurring every generation up to the 1700s. As the Bubonic Plague did not discriminate against its victims for both wealthy and the poor were struck with the illness. Moreover, the highest
In the 1300s, Europe was thriving with new innovations and huge cities that covered the country. Most of Europe was urban and very crowd with a population of 50,000 (“Middle Ages”). The 1300s was a period known as the Middle Ages, which represents the time where the Roman Empire and the Constantinople fell. During this time around 1350, infectious disease was spreading through the streets of Europe. Approximately, 20 million people died in Europe from the plague, which is roughly around one-third of the population (“Black Plague”). The Black Plague affected European civilization and how European society viewed the world. The renaissance is a prime example of how the Black Plague affected Europe. The Black Plague helped influence people
The next pope to further the papal reformation was Nicholas II. Pope Nicholas II built upon what Leo IX had already done. Nicholas and a council produced the Lateran synod of April 1059. The synod ended clerical marriage and established clergy celibacy. It also added to the strict prevention of simony. Also with the synod, Nicholas and the council made two major decisions that would shape the papacy up until today. The first of these decisions was to condemn the practice of lay investiture. “The ritual by which a lay prince “invested” a priest or bishop with the insignia of his office suggested that the ecclesiastical authority was subordinate to the secular” (Backman, 270). The papacy now condemned this seeing as the reforming popes were trying to establish the Church as an entity on its own. The Church wanted to control everything about itself and completely cut off any secular ties trying to control it. The second major decision Nicholas and the council made was mad in the Papal Election Decree of 1059. This was to ensure no pope could ever be placed in power by a secular ruler but only elected by the College of Cardinals. Backman describes it as this: