Abstract The planetary system consisting of the Earth and Moon has been closely examined since the birth of man. The Moon is a scientifically important planet that preserves a unique history of planetary formation and early development, as well as recording the historical space environment and cosmic radiation for billions of years. Due to its proximity to the Earth, the Moon has also been a target for human exploration and long-term extraterrestrial habitation. Knowledge of the Moon’s characteristics and its resources has become especially important for planning future space travel from Earth. Relationships between the Earth and Moon in origin, composition, and orbital dynamics are critical to scientific understanding as well as to the ultimate goals of lunar infrastructure development and habitation. The Moon has several unique characteristics when compared to the Earth which stem primarily from its lack of water, atmosphere, and biological life. Unlike on Earth, sedimentation on the Moon occurs primarily as a result of meteoroid impacts, but also by other means. Lunar soil is the fine fraction of the regolith found on the surface of the Moon. Its properties can differ significantly from those of terrestrial soil. The physical properties of lunar soil result from mechanical disintegration of basaltic and anorthositic rock, caused by meteoric impact and bombardment over billions of years. Weathering is primarily mechanical, in which the lunar terrain is
The moon is by far the biggest and most easily recognizable object in earth’s atmosphere that can be perceived by the naked eye on a cloudless night. It is hypothesized that it came into existence nearly 4.5 billion years ago, from residual debris after a planetary body collided with earth. Although, considered the runner-up to the sun as the second brightest object in the sky, its illumination is deceitful, insomuch as the moon is not a source of light, but instead reflects the sun’s illumination from the half of the moon that is in direct alignment with the sun at that time. More readily identified as a satellite of the earth rather than as a planet itself or even a star, it has a diameter a quarter of the size of earth’s size and it
One primary goal of space exploration is astrobiological. Using lunar geology to determine the conditions of the early
and sediments has shown something incredible. It contained clues to how Earth and the Moon formed as well as the history of the Sun. The scientists looked for what life would be like if humans could live on the moon. The Apollo 11 mission brought back the first geologic samples from the Moon back to Earth. Astronauts collected twenty-two kilograms of material which acquired samples of the lunar "soil," fifty rock samples and two core tubes which was found below the moon’s surface. All the samples was not composed with any water which provided no evidence for living organisms in the Moon's history. They figured out that there was volcanic activity since they
In 1975, two scientists by the name of Dr. William K. Hartmann and Dr. Donald R. Davis, came up with a groundbreaking new theory on how the moon was created. Their theory stated “At the time Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, other smaller planetary bodies were also growing. One of these hit earth late in Earth 's growth process, blowing out rocky debris. A fraction of that debris went into orbit around the Earth and aggregated into the moon” (Hartmann & Herres 1). This theory is known as the Giant Impact Theory and is the accepted theory in the scientific community of how the moon was created. Even though this theory is accepted by most, there are still some people who don’t hold this theory to be true. I agree with Davis and Hartmann’s Giant Impact Theory that a great collision occurred and created the moon. The Giant Impact Theory is supported by the lack of iron on the moon, the moon rocks from the Apollo missions, and its acceptance in the scientific community.
Rather than examine each moon separately I’m going to examine particular morphological aspects of all four at the same time for comparative purposes, after a quick introduction to the basic aspects of each
The origin of the Moon is, with quite certainty, one of the most bewildering matters that scientist still attempt to uncover. Although there is a certain theory that is currently favoured, Wizard and Muggle Astronomers from throughout the world are aware that this mystery is still not yet fully uncovered.
The most popular theory of the moon's origin is the giant impact theory; this theory is that a giant mars sized space rock struck young earth and knocked a chunk of it out. This theory proves to be fallacious because, no scientist knows where that mars sized rock is; however, the earth and the moon are made with very similar elements (Editor).
The most favoured theory on the genesis of the moon that serves as a satellite to the Earth is the Theia Impact Hypothesis. When the early solar system was forming in the first 100 million years after the dust cloud began to coalesce, along with the recognized planet that survived until today, there were other proto-planets forming and orbiting our common star, the sun. Many of these proto-planets were ejected from the solar system, or else crashed into larger proto-planets, either destroying both in the process, or melding into one larger proto-planet. One of these theorized proto-planets was a Mars sized rocky body, known as Theia, which shared the Earth's orbital path.
The exact origins of the moon are unknown however there are many plausible theories. The most widely accepted theory is known as the giant impact hypothesis. This suggests that the moon was created during a collision between a young Earth and a Mars sized object over four billion years ago. As the two bodies collided they fused whilst simultaneously ejecting debris which combined and formed the moon as we know it.
The article is written to expand upon what occurred during the LCROSS mission (Barone 2009). LCROSS stands for Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Spacecraft. The mission was designed to search for water on the surface of the Moon. Water on the Moon has long been theorized, but previous moon missions have not found any (Lutgens 2008). The
Next to the Sun, the moon is the most recognizable object in the night sky, and is Earth’s only natural satellite. It has been estimated that the moon formed somewhere in the region of 4.45 billion years ago, just a measly 30-50 million years after the origination of the Solar System. While there are many hypotheses that try to account for the formation of the moon, the one that is backed the greatest is the theory that the moon was formed when a large mass roughly the size of Mars collided with the newly formed Earth, this sending out planetary material into the same orbit of the Earth. This material then underwent the process of accretion and formed what we now know as the moon.
The Moon is a very popular topic that is very interesting yet strange. The more I found out information about the moon, the more I became interested in it. I never realized all of the important facts about the moon and how beneficial it is to the solar system and our very own planet.
The Earth and Moon do have some similarities and differences that are explained by this theory. The Moon, for example, does not have heavy materials like Earth does. One example of a heavy material on Earth is the iron core. Earth has one, and the Moon does not. This is explained by the timing of the impact. If the Moon hit the
This article provides a brief introduction to the types of geological feature to be found on the Moon, to assist in any comparison with other planets and to help the reader decide whether there are any topics they would like to investigate further.
The objective of this investigation is to disprove the following set of hypotheses provided in the Task brief where they were collected from Moon Misconceptions (2013):