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The Sense Of Freedom In Henry James's The Great Gatsby

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“I began to like New York,” Nick Carraway explains, “the racy, adventurous feel of it at night, and the satisfaction that the constant flicker of men and women and machines gives to the restless eye” (Fitzgerald 56-57). It is that “flicker” described in The Great Gatsby that attracts “restless” men and women eager to be free from the scrutiny of the country and lose themselves in the city. Reinforcing Fitzgerald’s suggestions, Iris Marion Young, in City Life and Difference, wrote that the metropolis fosters “an attraction to the other, the pleasure and excitement of being drawn out of one's secure routine to encounter the novel, strange, and surprising” (Young 266). Unlike a life lived in the country, urban culture, structure, and crowds promote and even values instinct, and hence, a general sense of freedom. Becoming one in a crowd creates the opportunity of anonymity, allowing an escape from the boundaries of established social expectations. Two short stories separated in time by merely a half-century, Henry James’s 1899 “‘Europe’’ and John Cheever’s 1954 “The Country Husband,” are both set in the “suburbs,” yet both incorporate the city. Their authors are keen on establishing the suburban landscape as one of constricted emotional living. The protagonists’ experience is framed by tradition and scrutinized by others, and they are not free to express themselves. With the influence of the “city”-- New York as well as any other imagined European locations, past and present

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