The Soils Of Putney Vermont

We all know that earth was changed through the ages. We’ve gone from nothing to dinosaurs, humans, and wars. We’ve, as a race have used and adapted to our environment to meet our needs, such as food and water. We started farming, using domestic animals, and storing the food. The lives of people of the ancient world were shaped by the geography of their region because it affects the amount of food produced, the accessibility to water, and their ease at which to find shelter.

For at least one hundred miles inland, flat land and swamps were all around. Stated in Document B “It is remarkable for the diversity of its soil; that near the coast is generally sandy, but not therefore unfruitful; in other parts there is clay, loam, and marl; I have seen of the soil some high bluffs, near the sides of the rivers, that exactly resembles castile soap, and is not less variegated with red and blue veins, nor less clammy.” Basically, this quote is saying that near the swamps it was harder to grow their crops because of the different types of soil, like clay for example. Also back then it would be harder to identify the different kinds of

farming practices and thousands of acres of flat grassland being plowed, the soil no longer had

The Earth's crust has been undergoing complex chemical, physical, and biological reactions over more than 4 billion years now. In this relentless tardiness of geologic instance, the convection of the Earth's mantle gave form to the planet (Cronon, 1993). The Middle Atlantic region of North American was shaped by the tectonic plate movements and climatic changes shaping the ancient oceans into lands. Water streams gave form to hills and deep valleys and rainwater broke big rocks into fine soil. It is interesting to note that while all this was taking place, Maryland's mountains were comparable to the size of the Himalayas (Flannery, 2001). Their rock gradually created the mountain that we see in Maryland in the present day. Eventually, Maryland's rock layer turned into fertile soils, mineral deposits, and composite water elements.

The latest rocks in this region were formed in Pleistocene time as imperfectly consolidated gravel of river terraces and alluvial deposits of the

This valley, future home of a ski resort and other activities, has a history of its own. It is divided into three major areas: The Poplar Region, The Bud Site, and the Gasville, areas which descend from North to South respectively. It is assumed that climatological conditions are similar to those found in the same area thousands of years ago, with some minor changes in temperature that may have increased due to the Green house effect and global warming.

Connecticut's landscape and surface change from 3 elements named tectonic plates, Glaciation, and Weathering and erosion.

Champaign County was first covered by the Illinois Glacier (191,000—130,000 years ago), which leveled the region and covered it in a deposit of boulder clay. The county’s topography was then formed by the Wisconsin Glacier about 20,000 years ago. As lobes of ice from what is now Lake Michigan crossed the county, a deep (up to 300 ft) pile of glacial soil was created and topped by numerous moraines (any glacially formed accumulations of unconsolidated debris) forming small, flat watersheds with no outlets. The moraines formed as the Wisconsin Glacier advanced and receded many times over the Midwest. The Champaign moraine system now crosses the county in a northwest-southeast direction, and between the moraines ridges are broad plains of what used to be swampy land, most of which has since been artificially drained.

Raw gley soils are found within mineral material that has remained waterlogged since deposition (Thompson, 2007). The soils are missing a distinctive top soil and contain gleyed subsurface horizons (Avery, 1980). They also contain a mineral horizon which starts at <20cm and extends below 30cm (Avery, 1980). Jarvis (1984) also states that the soils are distinctly mottled above 40cm depth. Raw gley soil types are mostly confined to intertidal flats (Avery, 1980) or areas that represent various stages in the development of salt marshes (Thompson, 2007).

If you ever go to Vermont you will notice some of their amazing physical features. For example, some of the well known forests in Vermont is Aitken,

The environment of New England consisted of rocky soil and long winters. Farming was limited and provided just enough for the farmer's family. Most farms were miniscule and were run by the family.The New England environment helped to increase the population from 250,000 in 1701 to

The geology of Pembrokeshire is well known for the coastal display of diversity of rocks and scenery over 250 miles exposure than any equivalent area in Britain. It has ancient landscape which was formed many years ago (290 million) at the end of Carboniferous period. The geological process and action such as river weathering, glaciations and marine erosion on this variety of rock is as a result of diversity of coastal landscape.

The 80 degree Christmases, daily summer afternoon thunderstorms, and the distinct bite of a sand gnat are the characteristics of the southeast Georgia coast that I am all too familiar with. The little-known second oldest city in the United States, Saint Marys, Georgia, has acted as my very first and unforgettable flower pot. I have grown up exploring the swamp-like environment, along the Georgia-Florida border, and loving every second of it, for I have spread my roots throughout the basin and soaked up every experience. At this point in my life, I have savored every nutrient available in the southeast Georgian soil.

Between 1780 and 1830 in Vermont, the settlers began clearing the land in preparation for the prospect of developing successful agriculture lifestyles with the promise of rich, untouched soil. The settlers would clear the massive trees through three different techniques, including girdling, cutting, and grubbing. In this diorama, we can also see one of the cabin-like houses or shacks settlers often built while clearing their lands. We begin to see the outline of a field for growing crops. With a portion of the dense forest cleared, we see the vast forest in the distance that was not originally visible in the first diorama, along with the unforgiving topography Vermont consists of. In the third diorama, we see a more dramatic change in the land, such as the clearing of the once unending forest that stood where the fields and house now take its place. This diorama depicts the number of fields running across the landscape, including the line of trees that were described as existing as natural boundaries between fields and separately owned land. We can also see the progress made in house construction from 1700 to the 1830. The house present in the third diorama appears to resemble a frame built structure, which became more prevalent as time passed and resources became available to assist with building these more

Wetland soils are extremely varied. They are found from the tropics to the subarctic. They can be seasonal or year-round, freshwater or saltwater, organic or mineral. The one thing that all of them have in common is that for at least part of the year they are saturated with water. This saturation has a significant impact on the soil's physics, chemistry, and biota. However, over the past century more than half of all the wetlands in the United States has been drained for agriculture and other uses such as construction. When the soils are drained the physics, chemistry, and biota are drastically changed. This paper is an attempt to