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The Tort Of Negligence Is The Most Important Area Of Modern Tort

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The tort of negligence is the most important area of modern tort. It is the main tort of concern to business ventures (O’Toole, 2014). Its major aim is to compensate the claimant. It is a breach of a duty that defendant owes to the plaintiff, resulting in damage to the claimant. It is not related to a particular act but with a way of acting and is thus harder to define. The basic elements of the tort of negligence are a legal duty on part of the defendant towards the claimant to exercise care as falls within the scope of a duty, breach of that duty, and consequential foreseeable damage to the claimant that can be attributed to the defendant’s conduct. Till the nineteenth century, liability in negligence exists only in recognized cases, …show more content…

In the case of Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co (1970) Lord Reid appreciated the neighborhood test and suggested in his Dicta to take it a step forward. This view was subsequently endorsed in Anns v Merton London Borough Council (1978) where Lord Wilberforce proposed a two-stage approach. The large expansions in the areas of tort took place after the formulation of this test. This criterion altered the way in which the neighborhood test was used. Previously the courts had to used it to justify new areas of liability if there were policy reasons for excluding it. In other words, policy was now to operate as a long stop. The general principle established in Anns came under heavy criticism both from the judiciary and the academics. The first major criticism can be fund in the case of Governors of the Peabody Donation Fund v Sir Lindsay Parkinson and Co Ltd. Lord Keith noted that there was a tendency to treat the test in Anns as if it was of definitive character. A more fundamental assault was launched on the test in the case of Yuen Kun Yeu v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1988), in which it was held, that for the future it should be recognized that the two-staged test was not to be regarded as in all circumstances a suitable guide to the existence of a duty of care. The case of Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1991) finally cleared the air with regard to this

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