The Two Component Stressors

The Science of Stress is an informative video by National Geographic detailing the body response to stress. Stress is the body’s way of getting itself prepared to face a challenge. It is constant problem that everyone has to deal with. It was originally meant to aid our survival, but over time it has become dangerous and lethal to our well being. National Geographic’s video gives us a scientific view of what goes on in our bodies when experiencing stress and its effects on it.

This assignment will explore the concept of stress by firstly distinguishing between the definitions set out by Selye 919560 and Cox (1976). Following this assignment will critically evaluate the General Adaption Syndrome, SRRS and Daily Hassles explanations of stress and finally, conclude with a discussion on individual differences based on Friedman and Rosenman’s research.

The Family Systems Stressor-Strength Inventory (FS3I) is an instrument used to evaluate and measure stressful conditions occurring in families and assists nurses and families in developing intervention activities. By using this instrument, strengths and weaknesses of family functioning can be identified. The FS3I involves independent completion of the instrument by each member of the family prior to the interview with the clinician. After completion of the instrument, the clinician assesses the family on each of the stressful conditions from a general and specific perspective. The strengths and coping mechanisms of the family are also evaluated. Both quantitative and qualitative data are used to define the intervention needed to establish equilibrium

There are many different broad definitions of stress and how to cope with it, known as stress management.

Stress is the process of measuring and responding to a threatening or challenging event. If it lasts a short time it can actually be beneficial and can mobilize the immune system to fight off infections and heal our wounds. Stress has an arousal property that motivates us to solve our problems. Extreme or prolonged stress on the other hand can be very harmful and can lead to chronic disease. Stressors fall into three categories: Catastrophic, significant life changes, and daily hassles. All can be bad for us.

Death has always been and will be a topic that just a few want to talk, but since time immemorial man has worshiped their dead, and this is reflected in the various rituals and forms of burial. The anguish of death has been considered the deepest anguish of man. Death is the inevitable companion of life, is the final stage. It can occur at any age, suddenly or after a long illness. Despite knowing that someday we will have to die the death of a loved one is a terrible fact, very difficult to accept, that affects everyone around the deceased person. When the link with the deceased breaks, the suffering is so great, that they put into question the fundamentals of being, of human existence and our deepest beliefs, affecting significantly the basic family and social relationships.

McGoldrick (2005) applies a two-prong didactic approach to stressors that can impact the quality of life a family experiences during stress, which in fact mistakenly makes them appear dysfunctional. These two types of stress are referred to as horizontal and vertical. Horizontal stressors are occurrences that occur within all families, across cultures, often causing disruption in congruency including; deaths, harsh economic changes, life cycle growth, and unforeseeable disasters that often impact not only the families "in person-environment" but their community at large such as in the case of an earthquake.

“Bacterial illness is a result of complex interactions between bacteria and the host. During evolution, humans developed many ways to protect themselves against bacterial pathogens. On the other hand, bacteria have developed strategies to evade, subvert or circumvent these defenses” (Sousa, 2003) “One of the most important characteristics of bacterial pathogenicity is the various strategies developed by prokaryotic organisms to use host molecules for their own benefit” (Sousa, 2003). “To accomplish this, bacteria have evolved elaborate control mechanisms to turn genes on and off, varying the transcriptional activator or

Many studies have proven that minor stresses can have a harmful impact on children more than the major stresses and can lead to some negative behaviors . children are more vulnerable to the daily stresses when there is a lack of emotion stability or social rejection for example a child who is rejected or ignored by his friends every day can suffer from devastating health problems because of an accumulations of the stresses and make resilience more difficult whereas children can overcome the major stress either during the time or with a caregiver assistance

The status of our country in light of the President’s pending and future executive orders, ICIS, the overall economy; gas prices, housing, education, and taxes, and the civil state of our nation. I find these issues disconcerting.

The components of stress are referenced through a cohesive explanation on the HPA axis function, and how it monitors and reacts to stress. Tough introduces this by which he writes, “Our bodies regulate stress using a system called HPA axis … the way that chemical signals cascade through the brain and the body in reaction to intense situations … most of our stress today comes from mental process .. and the HPA axis isn’t designed to handle that stress … overloading the HPA axis, especially in infancy and childhood, produces all kind of serious and long-lasting negative effects - physical, psychological, and neurological” (Tough 12-13). In accordance to Tough, the HPA axis is an elaborate stress response system in our bodies. However, it is not a system without flaws. As mentioned previously, the HPA axis is not meant to handle stress due to an inability to

The beginning of the introduction does identify victimization and exposure to violence fir adolescents as a specific problem area. The researcher does establish the importance of violence within adolescents and substance use, and explains how it is not a common research study. The researcher states that adolescent violence is commonly studied, but the connection to violence and substance use has rarely been approached. The article uses the General Strain Theory (GST), and other stress response theories that stipulate that exposure to violence and victimization may be stressors that are particularly likely to foster the development of antisocial behaviors and substance use (Wright, Fagan, and Pinchevsky, 2013). Victimization may arouse negative

Stress is a topic that interesting for people to discuss, but hard to know the best way to deal with it while we are people helping. The author seeks to educate us about stress, the different types and also the dreaded distress. Distress can come quickly and ruin our days, and effect us emotionally, which affects our productivity and effectiveness (Collins, 1995). Stress is simply our own psychological response to the demands and pressures of everyday life (Collins, 1995).

Stress is something everyone goes through no matter what age, gender or race you are. Stress is the experience of a perceived threat to one’s mental, physical or spiritual well-being, resulting from a series of physiological responses and adaptations. When people think of stress they think it’s a bad thing which isn’t true, some stress is just your body’s reaction to certain situations. At times it may seem like stress is taking over your body leaving you physically, emotionally and mentally hurt but what you can do is learn how to manage your stress to have a healthier and happy lifestyle. Stress management is learning to deal with your stress and take charge. There are three types of stresses which are eustress, distress and neustress.

Throughout the lifetime of a living organism, it is exposed to many different types of stresses from the internal and external environment. In order to maintain homeostasis, cells must be poised to activate appropriate cellular stress responses to overcome the initial stress stimulus. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are crucial among the major pathways that regulate stress responses. There are six conserved and ubiquitous MAPK signalling pathways in mammalian systems that coordinate and integrate responses to various stimuli. The architecture of each pathway is conserved, with the ‘core signalling module’ consisting of a phosphorylation cascade which is mediated by three classes of protein kinases: the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K), the MAPK kinase (MAP2K) and the MAPK. Within this pathway, the MAP3K is activated or inactivated by various stimuli resulting in the successive phosphorylation and activation of MAP2K, which in turn phosphorylates and activates MAPK. Activated MAPK’s then regulate the appropriate cellular responses by activating or inactivating cellular targets, such as other protein kinases or transcription factors. Due to the position of MAP3K’s at the apex of the ‘core signalling module’, it is important to understand their regulatory mechanisms as the MAPK pathway is dependent on their activation.