1. Using the diagram above, explain any 3 of the 6 types of tectonic plate interactions. Note: a larger version of this diagram is located in the CONTENT section of this lesson. 1. Convergent Boundary of two Oceanic Plates: When two oceanic plates collide, one of the plates is subducted under the other during the collision. At the subduction zone, a deep trench is formed in the ocean floor. Oceanic and oceanic plate convergence result in the formation of volcano chains. Over millions of years, the lava and debris from the volcanic eruptions pile up on the ocean floor until the volcano rises above sea level to form a volcanic island. These types of islands are usually formed as chains called island arcs (which run parallel to the trench). 2. Convergent Boundary of an Oceanic and Continental Plate: When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the crust forming the oceanic plate gets bent and pulled under the continental crust (which is because the rocks that the oceanic crust is comprised of are thicker than the rocks that form the continental crust). The process where the oceanic crust is pulled under the continental crust is called subduction and the zone at which this occurs at the plate boundaries is called the subduction zone. It is at the subduction zone where the oceanic crust sinks beneath the continental crust, forming a deep oceanic trench. As well, oceanic and continental plate collisions can result in earthquakes, volcanoes and folded mountain
This lab uses earthquake data to construct profiles of two convergent boundaries: the Tonga Trench and the Peru-Chile Trench. Where two tectonic plates converge, if one or both of the plates is an oceanic lithosphere, a subduction zone will form. When crust is formed at a mid-ocean ridge, it is hot and buoyant meaning it has a low density. As it spreads away from the ridge and cools and contracts, or becomes denser, it is able to sink into the hotter underlying mantle. When two oceanic plates collide, the younger of the two plates, because it is less dense will ride over the edge of the older plate. The density of the
The earth’s crust is made out of plate tectonics. Each plate has a defined boundary and direction it moves. The plates in Earth’s crust perform two actions; they submerge under each other or they spread out. The Pacific Plate is the largest plate and it borders around many plates. The Pacific Plate moves northwest. New crust is formed from magma outpours, which are a result of the zones spreading. The tectonic plates created the islands. When the tectonic plates move, it creates the change in geography. Active volcanoes together shape the way islands are build. The magma from the volcano and the deposits from the plate are needed to create
The Earth’s outer crust is made up many tectonic plates that move over the surface of the planet. When the plates come collide, volcanoes will form sometime (National Ocean Service). Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot” (National Ocean Service). A hot spot is a plume of magma or molten rock that rises from within the Earth then reaches the surface forming underwater volcanoes which may grow tall enough to
The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth’s lithosphere (top layer of the Earth’s crust) is split up into rigid sections called plates that are moving relative to one another as they move on top of the underlying semi-molten mantle. These plates are either continental, The North American Plate, or oceanic, The Nazca Plate.
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Two plates can separate to split continents apart, to form new oceans, or to enlarge existing oceans by forming new crust in giant rifts in the ocean floor. Plates can converge and collide, forming chains of volcanic islands and deep trenches in the ocean, volcanic mountain belts along coasts, or giant belts of folded mountains between continental masses. These movements and their physical consequences are studied in the branch of geology called plate
The Ring of Fire is the result of plate tectonics. Much of the volcanic activity occurs along subduction zones which are convergent plate boundaries where two tectonic plates come together. The heavier plate is shoved (or subducted) under the other plate. When this happens, melting of the plates produces magma. The magma rises up through the overlying plate, erupting to the surface as a volcano.
Explain to the class that another type of plate tectonics, when the plates crash into each other, is called convergent, and that this causes the Earths crust to be pushed into the interior where it is remelted at the same rate the new crust is being made. Discuss the two kinds of surface features associated with them, then describe to them that with oceanic convergence, a deep ocean trench is formed along a line of the
Practically all of the major processes that occur on the surface of the earth are related to plate tectonics. Earthquakes, volcanism, and mountain building are three of the most spectacular earth processes related to tectonic activity, however many other processes like metamorphism, sedimentary rock formation, among others are related directly or indirectly to plate tectonics. In the interactive image below, you can see the relationship between them (Plate Tectonics, 2007).
Volcanos typically formed as a consequence of plate tectonics. In fact, they tend to form when plates converge into each other. In the process of subduction, one plate of the lithosphere, cupped by oceanic crust, slides beneath another one, giving origin to a subduction zone. While sliding down, heat is generated and water is released, causing the formation of magma that rises up to the surface and forms volcanos parallels to overriding plate. The Pacific West region of the United States is known for presenting this type of structure in which the oceanic lithosphere pushes towards the continent and sinks down into the asthenosphere.
Types of plate boundaries can form many volcanoes. These boundaries are called spreading and colliding boundaries. Along the boundaries, a belt of volcanoes starts to form. This is called the Ring of Fire. Along mid ocean ridges, volcanoes form because of spreading boundary. They can also form on land. The next boundary is the colliding boundary. On colliding boundaries, volcanoes form when two plates in the ocean
There are three distinct types of plate boundaries existing, which are supported by geological observation, geophysical data, and theoretical considerations. Their names and categories are based on if adjacent plates move apart from each other (divergent plate margins), toward one another (convergent plate margins), or slip past one another in a direction parallel to their common boundary (transform plate margins) (Pitman, W.C., 2007).
The Earth has plates that are all around the world, named the Pacific,North American,Eurasian plates and etc.When these plates move past or beneath each other large earthquakes form. A Ring of Fire is formed when the edges of plates come in contact with other plates. This is also known as the danger zone where earthquakes are most occurred. Pressure is created and grows when plates meet.
Heat emission from subduction zones can take many forms, such as volcanoes, geysers and hot springs. When lateral plate movement induced gaps occur between plates, collisions occur between other plates. This results in partial plate destruction. This causes mass amounts of heat to be produced due to frictional forces and the rise of magma from the mantle through propagating lithosphere fractures and thermal plumes sometimes resulting in volcanism. During plate movement, continental plates are constantly being consumed and produced changing plate boundaries.
Plate tectonic activity is related to many other things like, volcanoes and earthquakes. These natural hazards can be found in linear belts around the globe. There are seven large plates and many small ones, the main types of plates include the divergent plate boundary (pulls away), convergent plate boundary (move towards each other) and transform plate boundary (slide past). Ocean-continent boundaries create earthquakes up 700 km deep and forms seafloor trenches, it leads to andesitic volcanoes in mountain ranges. Yellowstone is a ‘hot spot’ this is where heating and igneous activity occurs within crust. Although, not all plates move at the same rate, they are relative to each other. Continent - continent boundaries with divergent can form rift valleys, earthquakes less than 100 km deep, and basaltic/rhyolitic volcanoes. At Convergent they have young mountain range, 300 km deep earthquakes, and no volcanoes. At transform, they have a fault zone, less than 100 km deep earthquakes and again no volcanoes. With ocean-ocean boundaries there is oceanic ridges with rift valley, less than 100 km earthquakes, and basaltic pillow lavas at divergent. On convergent there are seafloor trenches, 700 km earthquakes and andesitic volcanoes in island arc. With transform you have ridges and valleys in oceanic crust, less than 100 km earthquakes, and some basalt. Plates are driven by the convection in the mantle and movement of the lithosphere.