Introduction Pre-natal alcohol exposure is an established cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which is now recognized as the most common preventable cause of mental impairment in North America (Popova et al., 2013). Individuals with FASD experience a wide range of neurological and psychological disabilities caused by permanent brain alterations (Petrenko et al., 2014). The adverse health outcomes that arise from FASD have lifelong implications and pose a significant burden on the Canadian
Demand Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is in high demand due to the susceptibility conditions, late‐onset diseases and HLA matching for existing children. The screening increases the chance of a genetically normal pregnancy and a healthy baby. Although PGD is growing in demand, few people use this reproduction method as IVF treatment is a very expensive and invasive procedure. Patients use PGD to avoid a known, high risk hereditary disease or if they have had children previously with genetic abnormalities
Autism spectrum disorder is not a single disorder, it comprises of a very diverse group of neurodevelopmental disorders. According to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder 5th edition (DSM-V), diagnosis of ASDs includes three main deficits which are; having difficulties with social interaction and communication and deficit in behaviour, for example individual with ASD tend to repeat the same behaviour and they tend to be preoccupied. Under the DSM- V ASD consist of Asperger syndrome
Gottesman & Shields there appears to be a genetic component to schizophrenia because the closer the genetic link, the more likely both twins are to show schizophrenic symptoms. However, the MZ consistency rate was significantly lower than 100%. This means that, despite their shared genotype, MZ twins do not always share schizophrenic symptoms - 21% of MZ twins with a schizophrenic brother or (less commonly) sister were perfectly healthy. This suggests that genetics is not the only cause of schizo-phrenia
discovered a patient with a cherry- red- spot on the retina of the eye which has become a clear signal of Tay-sachs disease. Later on Bernars Sachs described the cellular changes in Tay-Sachs disease. Tay-Sachs disease is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that gradually destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Mutation in the HEXA gene on chromosome 15 causes Tay-Sachs disease. The HEXA gene gives instruction to make a part of an enzyme called β-hexosaminidase A, this enzymes plays
Its no accident that off-spring resemble their parents. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA, located within each cell nucleus is a special chemical, that determines our genetic inheritance in a very orderly way. Under the microscope DNA looks like a mass of tangled threads which consist of tiny subunits called genes. Genes carry instructions, sometimes called the blueprint of life, for various characters like hair color, height, eye color. Our genes are received from both mother and father, half from each
anthropology. The focuses of pregnancies brought to term in Israel and Japan, and the U.S. have many differences. The importance of genetic testing in the U.S. and Israel, and the lack of importance of it in Japan is very interesting and culturally-based. In an updated paper from 2011, Rayna Rapp expands on birthing practices and childbearing in New York City, in regards to genetic testing. Rapp also spread their studies into how western reproductive technology has spread to “developing nations” and the
and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The articles were evaluated for risk of bias. Results: Recent findings suggest autism is a disorder caused by interplay of multiple genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Keywords: Autism, ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder; in combination with: Etiology and/or Cause, Genetic Risk Factors, Environmental Risk Factors, Prevalence. Etiological Theories of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature Introduction In 2013, the fifth edition
cramps, dizziness, and if the fallopian tube ruptures then the pain and bleeding could possibly be severe enough to cause fainting. The social implications to PGD include financing the cost of PGD, discrimination against people carrying specific genetic diseases or disorder which makes them have disabilities, taxpayers and ministry of health funding the treatment, and the success rate of PGD and IVF. In order for PGD to occur IVF has to be performed. In New Zealand PGD costs around $12,000 per
Statement: People should know that, homosexuality is a normal aspect of human sexuality and should not be considered a mental disorder. OUTLINE I. What is homosexuality? II. Origin and nature of homosexuality A. Glandular disturbance B. Genetic causes C. Dominant mother and weak father D. Overindulgent mother E. Cruel or detached parents F. Overt homosexual III. Three theories of the causes of homosexuality A. Biological Theory B. Psychiatric Theory C. Sociological Theory