Discussion and Conclusion
My study illuminates the need to reconceptualise the notion of health care systems in Ghana. The dual approach of conceptualizing the Ghanaian health care system ignores realities on the ground. The dual approach as oppose to the triple-systems approach, downplays the essence of self-care as a health care seeking option for many Ghanaians (). Findings of this study reveals a prevalence use of self-care are health management option for most of the informants. Self-care as a treatment option involves the use of both biomedical and indigenous medical resources. Although self-care is mostly employed for acute health conditions, it is also employed in the management of chronic ailment. In the latter case, the person or
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Dalinjong and Laar (2012), observed their study the NHIS promoted access to biomedical care services for insured residents in their study areas. This observation is further corroborated by Tawiah et al., (2016) who attribute improved access for insured persons to the reduced financial burden of seeking professional biomedical care. Contrarily, such financial cushion for professional care is not available for professional indigenous care which is increasingly becoming market-oriented or commercialised. Invariably patrons of this form of care mainly resort to direct out-of-pocket payments.
Findings of this study shows that the financial burden associated with seeking professional indigenous care is a major deterrent for most informants interviewed. This finding challenges the belief that indigenous medicine in Ghana are easily accessible and affordable (Gyasi et al. 2011; Ae-Ngibise et al. 2010; Nsereko et al. 2011; Renckens and Dorlo 2013) compared to biomedicine. Thus, the notion of affordability of indigenous medicine needs be critically re-examined in the context of the level of usage and the disease or health condition under consideration. The use of the triple health care system model as employed in this study helps different the levels of usage for biomedical and indigenous remedies, hence distinguishing between professional and
Medical travel can be very stressful physically, emotionally, and financially. Moreover, due to very high unemployment rate most of the families cannot afford to have their own transportation vehicles to access primary care in the community. Transportation issue can also lead to missing appointments or delayed treatments. There are minimal health care services in the aboriginal communities, particularly those that are in rural, remote, and in north with limited to access to medical technology, equipment, supplies and medications (HCC, 2013). Majority of Aboriginals do not have access to technology, therefore, access to health information and promotion is limited. Telehealth and other virtual or mobile health care programs are available; the problem is that communities do not always have adequate information and communication technology and other infrastructures to reliably deliver these programs. The lack of a modern
In general, Aboriginal health services are ineffective. This is due to a wide variety of factors, but mainly due to a lack of trust/cultural miscommunication which is a catalyst for many other factors. This lack of engagement is due to a variety of factors, such as lack of access to health care, lack of aboriginal representation in the health workforce, ect. Overall, the difference in mortality rates between indigenous and non-indogneous peoples proves to highlight the need in the health community to provide effective services for Aboriginal people.
Universal Healthcare sounds appealing, but it actually lowers the quality and quantity of healthcare services that are rendered to patients, thus downgrading the healthcare system as a whole. Not having to pay, with everyone having coverage leads to longer wait times for medical service and many people overusing health care services. Implementation of Universal Healthcare in the United States would lead to a detrimental crippling of the nation’s health system. For those countries that have implemented Universal Healthcare or a system similar to it, all or most aspects of the coverage such as cost and care is generally provided by and tightly controlled by the government, a public-sector committee, or employer-based programs, with most of the funding essentially coming from tax revenues or budget cuts in other areas of spending. This paper will conclude with comparing the US healthcare system to others and how the US has one of the most advanced systems in the world.
A national health care system in the United States has been a contentious topic of debate for over a century. Social reformists have been fighting for universal health care for all Americans, while the opposition claims that a “social” heath care system has no place in the ‘Land of the Free’.
The healthcare system has come under heavy criticism from experts from all over the world. According to Schroder, 44% of the population has no access to the healthcare system. (Schroder, 2003) There are many clinics which charge are free of cost or are charging lesser fees, but all of these are burdened and do not have the capability to meet the requirements. There are certain ethnic communities that are by enlarge poor who are of the opinion that they have been deliberately been left out of the healthcare system. These have led to the
Despite enjoying excellent health and receiving comprehensive and universal healthcare access, Canada has seen continuing healthcare inequality especially among those people living at or below the poverty level and those who are members of the Aboriginal Peoples. The greatest impact of this disparity is evidenced through earlier mortality rates and greater incidences of injury and illness. Nowhere in Canada is this more true than among the Aboriginal Peoples, who, for example, have the highest rate or and risk for Type 2 Diabetes. This risk costs Canada an additional 18 billion dollars CAD every year (Strategic Initiatives and Innovations Directorate, 2011).
The inequalities in today’s indigenous communities are still strongly evident. Heard, Khoo & Birrell (2009), argued that while there has been an attempt in narrowing the gap between Indigenous and non Indigenous Australians, a barrier still exists in appropriate health care reaching indigenous people. The Indigenous people believe, health is more than the individual, it is
These scenarios are in complete contrast with some of the countries of poor health care system. One of these countries is Nigeria which has been suffering from a stagnant health care system. Its people either have limited access to health care or none at all. Many blame this problem to the prevalence of fake drugs, AIDS epidemic and the unhealthy lifestyles of the people while others point at the lack of health policy as the culprit.
Patients that want to receive a drug exemption that is not listed on the Non-Insured health benefit (NIHB) Programs drug benefit list must complete a long lengthy paperwork process that can take weeks or even months to complete. This procedure can be complicated when the aboriginal patient must depend on visiting specialist that are only available for appointments once a month. In the north the effects of lack of access to the health services have caused patients to leave their communities to get more specialized care , they are usually send to the south for medical emergencies, hospitalization, appointments with medical specialists , diagnosis and treatments . In 2005, 5% of Inuit’s had been away from their homes for one of more months due to illness effects (Access to health services as a social determinant of first nations, in unit and metis health). Many children are suffering because of their health. Some families don’t have enough money to get their children medicine or a cure for their disease. Some families are struggling to reach for help and also many families struggle financially, so they may not have the money to get a cure or medicine. Non- aboriginal people can just easily go out and get medication and simply cure themselves from the sickness but aboriginals have difficulties accessing the health systems that we have and that can be a hard task. If aboriginals have a
Health care systems are organizations that are formed to meet the overall health needs of the population. Health care is regarded as one of the leading cause in promoting not only physical and mental health but the well-being of the population. Legislation is implemented requiring government to offer services to all members of its society. The role of health services and the organizations that provide aid is to focus on the health of an individual and to uphold their human rights. According to WHO (2013), a “well-functioning health care system requires a robust financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately-paid workforce, reliable information on which to base decisions and policies, and well maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies (World Health Organization; 2013).
The residents of Africa are suffering from preventable, treatable, and fatal diseases everyday at a higher rate compared to developed countries. The healthcare crisis in Africa is the primary cause of all these deaths, and includes inefficient healthcare systems. Consequently, African's inefficient healthcare systems results in poor delivery of care and a shortage of health professionals. The healthcare crisis in Africa is a current issue impacting the lives of many African's who don't have the same access to resources as developed countries such as the United States. These resources can save the lives of many African's dying of preventable and curable disease, and understanding why the African continent has little access to them
In this paper there will be a brief discussion of three forces that have affected the development of the U.S healthcare system. It will observe whether or not these forces will continue to have an effect on the U.S healthcare system over the next decade. This paper will also include an additional force, which may be lead to believe to have an impact on the health care system of the nation. And lastly this paper will evaluate the importance of technology in healthcare.
Throughout the time period from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century, the world has developed speedily with the improvements of human civilization. Nowadays, there are more than seventy percent of the world have been urbanized into developed countries, which contain advanced technologies and a highly developed economic system. Along with the transforms of society, people put the personal health at the first place and concern the health issues more seriously. In the increased phenomenon that people start attaching the importance of being healthy, health care system has performed as an important role in human’s life circle: birth, growth, illness, and death. Health care system is defined as a system “to include all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health” (Musgrove et al., 2000, p. 5), with the functions of service delivery, resource production, financing, and management. It covers different health care services, for example public and private hospitals, health care insurance, medical supplies, health information, and human resources in medical field. The purpose of having the health care system is to “improve and maintain the health levels of the populations and individuals” (Walley & Wright, 2010, p. 145).
The sustainability of an average family in Nigeria is valued at less than 5 dollars a day. Notwithstanding the government’s preposition on the establishment of a health care system that is promotive, protective, preventive, restorative and rehabilitative to every citizen of the country within the available resources so that individuals and communities are assured of productivity, social well-being and enjoyment of living (F.M.H. 1988), the system, as is currently practiced is very inadequate in comparison to the Nigerian growing population and slow-paced economic development. According to the health manpower statistics, the ratio of the registered medical doctors as against the population’s need is put at 1:1,100 with modern medical facilities being administered in mega cities and little or none made available at the rural areas. As a result of lack of supervision or adequate provision for the essential needs of medical practitioners, doctors often times are faced with the conscientious decision to commute to the rural areas to administer Medicare on out-of-pocket expenses, which after a while becomes impossible to carry on. Thus the people in the rural area are left in the care of the traditional healer, who eventually cure their diseases with less charges than the bio-medical practice thereby saving the patients some money. The news of the efficacy of the traditional medical administration soon spreads to the urban cities and an
A health care system is a framework of interrelated, interacting, and interdependent descriptions of human development in a given country, region, or community. This system of human development functions as an organized measure to promote and provide treatment in which individuals reach their highest attainable level of physical, mental, and social well-being. All health care systems are grounded in the concept that genetic and biological factors must be taken into account to understand the problems and behaviors of a specific population. The interconnected factors that determine an individual’s health status includes personal features, social status, culture, environment, educational attainment, health behaviors, childhood development, access to care, and government policy. International collaboration of ideas on the progression of transnational health is greatly endorsed for the benefit of complete global health care. Health care has social, governmental, and financial implications that affect all members of the health care system and in countries within the Central American region specially, citizens have fallen victim to health disparities that have resulted from long-term neglect of the underlying factors that perpetuate this issue.