Three Major Classes of Fingerprints Essay

In quadrants 1 and 2 how the amount and constituents of the fingerprint residue on the substrate affects the fingerprint image, is determined. In quadrant 1, excess sebum and moisture is first removed from the finger tips with the help of a clean cloth. In quadrant 2, fingertip is first wiped around the nose or forehead to create excess sebum. Quadrant 3 and 4 were used to compare the details between untreated and dusted fingerprint residues.

Analysis involves assessing a print to determine if it can be used for a comparison. If the print is not

There are many reasons why fingerprinting is used as an important methods for identification (Hall, 2015). As stated by Hall (2015), “A fingerprint consists of several identifiable characteristic, such as loops, arches, whorls, islands, and bifurcations. The arrangement, frequency, and design of these features are among the many characteristics used to distinguish prints from one another” (p. 510). Everybody’s fingerprints are the same. Fingerprints are kept in Federal and state agencies of the within the law. When someone commits a crime, a forensic scientist takes fingerprints and match them through the database in computers. Since fingerprinting does not go against the Fifth Amendment, a search warrant is not required. Fingerprints can be matched with someone’s hair down the color of their eyes. Another type of type of recognition to identify someone is through blood tests, and it is used in the U.S. Benches. The individuals who has this procedure done may feel pain and get sick from the procedure.

Even though the prints were similar, the first set of prints were loop and the ones of my helper were whorl. A whorl is roughly circular, with the ridge lines going all the way around. They

In our current state, there are many classifications of fingerprints. A fingerprint is an individual characteristic because each finger has its own pattern. You will not find any fingers with the same pattern on them. During

The instructor gave us a bottle with unknown fingerprints and we had to find to who it belongs to. We had two suspects: Alyssa and the T.A. So, we obtained an inked print from their fingers to serve as comparison to the fingerprint found on the bottle. To reveal the fingerprints, we used the white powder.

Aging fingerprints determine their relevance in a forensic timeline. Fingerprints deposited at the approximate time of a crime would be substantial in a/the forensic case. As it could have been connected to the suspect, witness or even the victim. Conversely, fingerprints may be irrelevant if the time of deposition didn’t correspond with the time of the crime.

The main provision in all cases is the avoidance of including fingerprints to evidence, or of ruining the ones already existing at the time. Once the crime scene has been carefully recorded and each of the evidence located have been annotated, then the process of gathering and analyzing can commence. The crime scene investigator will start by collecting the most delicate and easily prone to be lost evidence. Locating latent fingerprints at the crime scene requires use of techniques that makes it ideal for visibility. Investigators will use a several of methods to visualize the print, however it will depend on the surface that print is being lifted from. All non-movable and fixed items at a crime scene sustained to be handled on the scene using one of

The first step in processing fingerprint evidence at a crime scene begins with documentation through the use of photography, sketches and detailed notes on the condition and disposition of the evidence. Often, latent prints can be used to establish the identity of a suspect or victim at a crime scene and can be considered as one of the most valuable forms of physical evidence. Processing evidence at a crime scene is a long, tedious process to ensure that delicate evidence, such as fingerprints can be preserved. When processing fingerprints, the location and condition of the print should be identified to determine the most appropriate technique for processing. There are two primary types of surfaces: porous and non-porous. Porous surfaces absorb fingerprint residue like paper, cardboard or unfinished wood. Conventional chemical techniques used on these types of surfaces include Silver Nitrate, Iodine Fuming, Ninhydrin and SuperGlue Fuming. Non-porous surfaces consist of plastics, glass, and metal. These prints are usually lifted with the powder dusting technique; however, caution should be used while processing latent print residue on non-porous surfaces as they can easily smear. Powdered latent prints are then lifted with tape. (Lee, & Gaesslen, 2001)

Any moist or wet biological evidence (blood, body fluids, plants, etc.) like the lottery ticket on the counter with the blood smeared print on it should be collected wearing gloves it should then be placed in a clean unused paper container such an envelope, and or small bag and transported back to an evidence receiving area, it should then be taken out of the bag and allowed to air dry thoroughly. The Ninhydrin process should be applied to this piece of evidence to obtain noticeable prints.

“Fingerprint recognition is one of the divorce inference using the impressions made by the minute ridge formations or patterns found on the fingertips. No two people have exactly the same arrangement of the ridge patterns, and the remaining patterns of any one individual unchanged. Fingerprints infallible provide a means of personal identification. Other personal characteristics may change, but not fingerprints”. (1)

After Galton’s discovery, the use of fingerprinting by law enforcement was inevitable. In 1892, an Argentine police official, Juan Vucetich, became the first person to identify a criminal through fingerprints (The History of Fingerprints). The last major step necessary for the widespread use of fingerprint identification was to create a classification system that simplified the process of matching fingerprints. That came in 1901, when Edward Henry devised a system that separated fingerprints into four different categories - loops, whorls, arches, and composites (Skopitz). Shortly after its development, most European nations implemented this system of

Fingerprint patterns are classified into three main categories: loops, whorls, and arches. Loops make up sixty percent of the prints that are left behind, and their patterns trace back onto themselves, pointing either towards the thumb or the pinky. Whorls make up thirty-five percent of prints left behind, and they are circular in nature. These have many classifications and patterns: they can be concentric circles, or plain whorls; they can be loops with whorls at

Patent prints are found in a powder or liquid, greasy substance that is very noticeable too and investigator. In the Thomas Jennings case, the fingerprint that was found is considered a Patent print as it was found in a liquid substance, paint. Latent prints are harder to see and are indeed of further investigations to receive valuable information (Anderson, et al. 2013, p 133). The Impression prints are “consider “indents” and found in soft substance is like tar and plasticine” (Anderson, et al. 2013, p 133).

There are different types of patterns for fingerprints, there are Arches, Loops, and Whorls. An Arch is found in five percent of fingerprints encountered. There are two types of Arches a Plain Arch, and a Tented Arch. Therefore they are the rarest. Loops are found in sixty to seventy percent of fingerprints encountered. Therefore they are the most common. Whorls are found in twenty five to thirty five percent of fingerprints encountered. There are four types of fingerprints, the Plain Whorl, Central Pocket Whorl, Double Loop Whorl, and the Accidental Whorl.