a. Total Cost :Total cost is variable cost and fixed cost combined. Variable cost is that cost which is unsettled in nature and is straight correlated with the units of manufacture. If the company produce more the variable cost will go high and if they produce less than the variable cost will be respectively low. Fixed cost is always fixed in nature. Always it is fixed for a year or two and it will change at the longer run. In the short run, fixed cost is constant in nature and it is not related to the number of units of production. (Samuel. L 2000). TC = FC + VC Short run influence on total cost Help the company to determine the materials, labour cost and other variable overheads. Fixed cost could be fixed for particular time period. …show more content…
Average cost is different from the price, and depends on the contact with demand through elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply. In cases of perfect competition, price may be lesser than average cost due to marginal cost pricing. In the short-run increase its level of output with the same fixed plant; the economies of that scale of production change into diseconomies and the average cost then begins to increasebrusquely. Average cost curve is a “U” shaped curve in short term (Campbell 2012). Short run influence on average cost Help the company to decide the average cost of the product and the company could fix the overall profit and sales value of the product. Diminishing Returns influence the Average cost: There is an opposite relationship between returns of inputs and the cost of production. Diminishing marginal returns imply increasing marginal costs and rising average costs. c)Marginal Cost: The marginal cost of an extra unit of output is the cost of the additional inputs essential to produce that output. The marginal cost is the derivative of total production costs with respect to the level of output. Short run influence on marginal
As you may recall from the chapter on production theory, in the early stages of production, a firm is expected to encounter increasing marginal product. As inputs are used for production, they become more specialized and the resulting efficiency gains cause production to increase more than proportionately. For example, suppose one worker was capable of producing one unit/hour. By adding a second worker, each worker
The impact of economies and diseconomies of scale Tesco face As businesses grow and their output increases, they commonly benefit from a reduction in average costs of production. Total costs will increase with increases in output, but the cost of producing each unit falls as output increases. This reduction in average costs is what gives larger firms a competitive advantage over smaller firms. This fall in average costs as output increases is known as Economies of Scale.
The Law of diminishing returns states that if one factor of production is increased while the others remain constant, the overall returns will relatively decrease after a certain point. The total fixed cost is the same regardless of the output; the total variable costs will change with the level of output resulting in the total cost as the sum of the fixed cost and variable cost at each level of output. Over the 0 to 4 range of output, the TVC and TC curves slope upward. They reflect a decreasing rate due to the increasing minor returns. The slopes curves will increase due to these diminishing marginal returns.
The Marginal Cost graph is a function of change in total cost divided by change in quantity produced. Marginal cost is the added cost of producing one additional unit of production, or the savings in not producing one additional unit. The graph decreases until the fourth unit of production, and then increases rapidly, as marginal cost is tied to total cost and is thus subject to the law of diminishing returns.
In comparison, the marginal cost is the added cost of producing one more unit of output. It is determined by the change in total cost (TC) divided by the change in output (Q). MC= TC/Q. In the provided scenario, for Company A to produce one widget TC=$30, to produce two widgets TC=$50 thus the marginal cost was $20; furthermore the cost per widget to produce was $25. Marginal cost will continue to decrease for Company A until they reach their profit maximization of $42.86 per widget at 7 widgets. Marginal cost will then begin to decrease for every additional widget produced until the end result of 15 widgets with a MC that exceeds $80, also allowing TC to topple to TR ($1220/15=$81.33).
According to this method, every unit of the product is assigned all direct, fixed, and variable costs. This method includes the cost of direct materials and labor as well as a portion of the overhead costs associated with it in the final costing of every unit of the product.
In the short term, it may be beneficial to complete the contract with Bhagat and for long term planning, find another supplier with a more competitive price. She can use the short run cost curves to determine her near term pricing and production requirements. The long run cost curve can be used to determine if a new plant or new supplier is necessary to decrease operating costs.
The author was able to provide a detailed aspect of variable costing with clear emphasis on the importance of variable costing. According to the author, differentiating between fixed and variable costs is the first step in controlling costs. The article is helpful in understanding cost relationship and its correlation to cost absorption in manufacturing
Explain why as output in increases, average total cost initially decreases but then increases. Eventually the law of diminishing productivity sets in. As productivity decreases cost rise.
A variable cost is a corporate expense that varies with production output. Variable costs are those costs that vary depending on a company's production volume; they rise as production increases and fall as production decreases (Variable Cost, n.d.); in the case study for all cost per event such
The product my business has chose to produce is water bottles. After some research it can be said that the typical production cost of one water bottle unit is $20. Total fixed costs for my company including rent and utilities are $4000 per month. Given these numbers a linear cost function for my product can be constructed; C(x) = 20x + 4000. In this equation x represents water bottles produced each month at a price of $20 along with $4000 of total fixed costs. An estimated total cost per month can then be determined of $120,000 looking at what the company can afford. Using the cost function C(x), we can plug in 120,000 to then determine the number of water bottles produced each month, which will be x. The beginning equation is C(120000) = 20x + 4000, begin by subtracting 4000 from each side leaving us with 116000 = 20x then divide both sides of the equation by 20 to get a final answer of x = 5800. This is the number of bottles produced each month.
Variable Costing: Only those costs of production that vary directly with activity (variable costs) are treated as product costs. Under variable costing, only the variable manufacturing costs are included as a part of the cost of the product manufactured. The fixed manufacturing costs are treated as an expense of the period in which they are incurred. Selling and administrative costs
All the costs by a company can be broken into two categories, fixed costs and variable costs. Costs that are independent of output are called fixed costs. Fixed costs remain constant throughout the relevant range and are usually considered sunk for the relevant range. Buildings and machinery are included inputs that cannot be adjusted in the short term. They are only fixed in relation to the quantity of production for a certain time period. The cost of all inputs is variable, in the long run.
The purpose of this paper is to answer a few important questions: Why do companies allocate costs? How do companies allocate costs? And how this cost allocation can affect the decision making of the company. It is important for the companies to find the proper method to allocate the costs. Cost allocation is an important issue in many companies because many of the costs associated with designing, producing and distributing products and services are not easily identified with the products and services that are created. It would have been easier for companies to allocate cost if costs were directly traceable with the products and the cost allocation would have been minor issue for the company. The decision-making
Cost behavior refers to the way different types of production costs change when there is a change in level of production.