Traumatic Stress: A Summary

The study itself discusses several “buffers” which might have prevented trauma or post-traumatic stress disorder. When coming to the United States, many Latinx immigrants have a support system waiting for them, whether that is family or friends. Others build a support system right away in places such as church. Therefore, Perreira takes into account parent living with a partner and church attendance as buffers. A support system contributed to the resilience of female immigrants who went through a traumatic experience. Consequently, they might not develop post-traumatic stress disorder or its symptoms.

Familismo: The significance of family for Latinos lies in a sense of unity, a sense of belonging in which the needs of the family come before individual needs (Benitez, 2007, pg. 22). The strength of the Latino family relationships lies on tradition, respect, and love. The collectivist nature of Latino families teaches individuals how to connect with others. When providing services to a Latino client it is essential that therapists explore systems of support and family bonds. It is also important to highlight that family conflict does exist in Latino families and emotional cut-offs are present.

Some of the challenges that agencies face in delivering programs and (Salami et al., 2016) services for temporary foreign workers and their families include the time required to build trust with this population, temporary foreign workers' reluctance to use services due to fear that it will affect their immigration status, and the emotional labor associated with working with temporary foreign workers. Professional and counselors understand that the Latino and Hispanic descent may have some cultural challenges and roadblocks when counseling both the individuals and the families. Although, that may be the case equal treatment for all clients is essential. It’s important to avoid being impersonal, accepting stereotypes, ethnocentric, or assuming that Latino and Hispanic descent clients have similar levels of acculturation, and Catholicism is the norm among Latino, Hispanic, or Spanish groups. When it pertains to offering community resources and assistance or when treating their client addiction and mental health issues. Processional in the healthcare profession realizes the obstacles and risk this population has from a cultural obligation standpoint, economic status, and religion aspect. In addition over

Latino/as represent approximately 12.5% of the U.S. population, making them largest ethnic minority in the United States today. As the years progress, psychologists are aware that the increase of Mexican American population will occur because of immigration and higher birth rates. Therefore, the needs for mental health services are evident simply because of the psychological stressors they face due to poverty, immigration, and acculturation. Although the need for metal health services is noticeable, researches suggest they underuse these services because of 3 in particular hypotheses. First, Mexican Americans have low incidences of mental health services. Second, there is a lack of institutional barriers such as: lack of Spanish speaking counselors, finances, and lack of ethnically similar counselors. Lastly, culturally barrier theory, otherwise known as acculturation and Mexican values.

According to Benish, Quintana, and Wampold (2011) culturally adapted psychotherapy has outstanding results for ethnic and racial minority clients over traditional psychotherapy. This reinforces the thought of multiculturalism and its effectiveness to create true inclusion in America. To reach positive outcomes of counseling and psychology, there should be training with efforts to understand clients' beliefs.

Culturally, individuals belonging to the Hispanic population are more prone to develop PTSD, this often attributed to the fact that the individuals belonging to the Hispanic population are more likely to experiences trauma (Fierros and Smith, 2006). There are a few cultural characteristics among the Hispanic population that affect Jonie's abilities to cope with her PTSD. According to Fierros and Smith, socioculturally Hispanics support fatalistic beliefs (events are inevitable and beyond their control), have a tendency to normalize stress, and underreport distress, and have diminishing resources (2006).

The population of the United States is continually rising. The birth rate continues to rise, but more importantly, the number of foreign-born immigrants that relocated to the United States in 2003 was a staggering 33.5 million, and that number rises every year (Jarvis, 2008). With such a large immigrant population comes the need for medical professionals that are culturally competent. Being culturally competent means that the caregivers, “understand and attend to the total context of the individual’s situation, including awareness of immigration status, stress factors, other social factors, and cultural similarities and differences” (Jarvis, 2008, p.38). Because the United States is so diverse, it is a federal

Rincon Family Services has been created by Latinos suffering from substance use and mental health issues. In the 70s, RFS’s clientele was Hispanic predominantly; however, through the years the clinic has started working with an African-American population and also with a Caucasian population. Working in this facility and also doing my internship here has allowed me value of the richness of working in a place where the diversity allow us to learn from one another, facilitating mutual collaboration and cooperation. As a Latin South American woman, my cultural background is a little bit different from the other diverse ethnic groups that work here, at Rincon Family Services, groups such as the Mexicans and Puerto Ricans. On the other hand, my cultural background is totally

I enjoyed the readings and like that they reminded the readers of all the different traumatic events that people can face. It is a nice reminder that not all people experiences traumatic events differently and not everyone will suffer from posttraumatic stress. interesting to think about people being resistant and traumatized because I usually think it is one or the other. I need to be aware that even if it appears that a client is doing well, that they still may be experiencing symptoms of posttraumatic

It is up to her to show empathy, determination, and cultural competency to build a trusting realationship. Understanding of the values patterns and worldviews of culturally diverse populations is key. A self-reported study was conducted on racial discrimination and its association with mental health status and whether this association varied with race/ethnicity or immigration status. The study found discrimination may be an important predictor of poor mental health status among Black and Latino immigrants. Previous findings of decreasing mental health status as immigrants acculturate might partly be related to experiences with racial discrimination (Gee, Ryan, Laflamme, & Holt, 2006). The writer enjoys using the strength based and ecological perspectives when providing interventions to patients and their families. According to Falicov (2014), the strength-based theory helps to focus on the resilience of a client and family, the ecological theory looks into how the client and family lives and fits into the sociopolitical context. The writer believes these two theories would fit the patient and even her family best, due to how resilient they are and how they fit into the sociopolitical

As we can see from Stephanie’s cultural immersion experience, it is very easy for people to have social biases and stereotypes of minority groups. As Stephanie learned, often times these beliefs are inaccurate and lack validity. Stephanie’s experience shows that the Latino population is one that is hard working, hospitable, and has a strong sense of family and community. What we take away from this experience is that counselors need to educate themselves as much as possible on the minority populations they will be working with. As counselors educate themselves about these minority groups, they will need to adjust their treatment methods and interventions to accommodate the world views of their clients. Counselors who do this will be better

Post- traumatic stress disorder often get looked over by doctors and people go untreated. With passing time the fear might go away, but what happen when the constant fear take over. That was the case for a student in a psychology class I was taking. The instructor was going over anxiety and a young man told the class about how when he was in the army. The car he and some of the other soldiers was driving, they were doing the daily drive they accidentally drove over a bomb that explode the front of the car. The explosion all most took off his leg, he had to have about two surgeries, and go through physical therapy to learn to walk again. Know that he was discharged from the army for about two years, he still cannot drive over a bump, whole, a patch in the road, and fell overwhelm when driving. He took longer routes that he feel are safe and that have little to no flaws in the road. All this time he went without any kind of treatments or testing to see if he even have post- traumatic stress disorder. He did not even think that he might even have post- traumatic stress disorder. I feel like American society do not offer enough support to people suffering from post- traumatic stress disorder in the family is not ready, lack of treatments, and lack of information about how to find a cure for post-traumatic disorder or how it occurs.

Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) or Vicarious Trauma is the known count of professionals are an active witnessing role of a client mentally damaging experiences. According to The Role of Empathy in Burnout, Compassion Satisfaction, and Secondary Traumatic Stress amount Social Workers “STS can lead to workers experience or traumatic events […] STS can lead to workers experiencing trauma themselves, where rumination, flashbacks, physiological responses, fear, dread, or other active symptoms of psychological strain” (STS and Social Work Practice). In other words, direct care staff working in treatment centers almost certainly come into contact with aggressive clients, whose aggression is due to past traumatic events. Direct care staff will

Counselors that are culturally responsive tend to impact professional competence by demonstrating their awareness of their own culture, as well as, their client’s culture. However, it does not mean that the counselor has to be an expert on every client culture, but more so needs to have an understanding. A counselor that understands their client cultural background, thus the counselor can provide appropriate assessments and treatments. Berger, Zane, and Hwang (2014) indicate that the therapist has multicultural awareness tend to have a therapeutic treatment orientation that is associated with multicultural counseling. In this case, counselors that are aware of their client's cultural background can be flexible in implementing an intervention

Our culture, gender and ethnicity have a significant amount of influences that has begun to shape our mental health from the trauma that affects us due to crime and violence. Due to cultural, gender and ethnicity the response to our trauma can range from endless variations.