Unexpected Inflation and Redistribution of Wealth in Canada
Césaire A. Meh, Canadian Economic Analysis, and Yaz Terajima, Financial Stability
One of the most important arguments in favour of price stability is that unexpected inflation generates changes in the distribution of income and wealth among different economic agents. These redistributions occur because many loans in the economy are specified in fixed-dollar terms. Unexpected inflation redistributes wealth from creditors to debtors by reducing the real value of nominal assets and liabilities. This article quantifies the redistributional effects of unexpected inflation in Canada. To this end, we first provide comprehensive evidence of the nominal assets and liabilities of various
…show more content…
Hence, when inflation is high, the value of these assets and liabilities falls in terms of purchasing power, since the prices of other goods and services go up with inflation, but payments on these financial claims are fixed. The extent of the changes in the purchasing power of financial assets and liabilities also depends on the term to maturity, as we will show later on. In this section, we document Canadian holdings by type and maturity in various categories of assets and liabilities. Specifically, we look at asset and liability positions for three sectors: household, government, and non-residents.5 We also consider different groups of households. The objective is to show that, among these different groups of agents, holdings of nominal assets and liabilities differ in both qualitatively and quantitatively important ways. Given that these differences exist, there is potential for redistribution among them following inflation shocks.
(SFS). The NBSA documents the ownership of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities by sector. We use the NBSA to compute the net asset and liability positions of the household, government, and foreign sectors. The SFS is a household survey data set on income and wealth. We use the 2005 wave (the latest available), involving about 5,000 households, with weights to produce Canadian aggregates. It provides a comprehensive
This paper will argue how Canada's housing market is at an all time high, we are known in Vancouver for having the most expensive housing market. This expensive market is not just a Vancouver problem, it is an issue growing through out the nation and is depriving the average citizen to be able to purchase a house in there life time. There is a major issue with the state of our market and how it effects out current citizens. Issues have been arising where the average wage in Vancouver is estimated at seventy seven thousand per family house hold, yet the average costing home as reached between five hundred thousand in the
There is a real separation between the outstanding material resource created by the Canadian economy and the increasing monetary weakness of Canadians. we must always create conclusive move to build a certifiable economy that benefits all Canadians over the long-term.
Ronald Reagan once said, “ In a world wracked by hatred, economic crisis, and political tension, America remains mankind's best hope.”America may be mankind’s best hope, but will it remain that way? America is the beacon for freedom and equality, but with the recent election, it may difficult for us to remain a country full of diversity and hope. In order for the United States economy to prosper, the government must control inflation rates, raise employment rates, and change the current income inequality ratio.
Within the past decade, Canada - specifically ontario, has seen and experienced a rapid increase in its housing market. Although some speculate a crash nearing, its strong growth in Ontario has become one of this decade’s largest issues. During the year of 2016 the average price of a home in the metropolitan area was $688,011, however, prices have increased by 33% in 2017 making the average home worth $916,000 dollars. This issue presents many difficulties as it affects Canada’s economy, it’s residents, immigrants, and more. Although some have tried to pass bills in order to reverse the increase, the presented plans are much worse. Take for example, Kathleen Wynne's proposed “foreign buyers tax”. With a plan as such being passed, all of
The reason for Canada’s large gap in wealth is best explained by changes in labour markets, changes in families and changes in public policies
The value of the Canadian dollar demonstrates how well the Canadian economy is doing compared to other countries. Likewise, in chapter three of Dinner Party Economics it is states that “money measures the standard of living” (19). The Canadian dollar either increases or decreases in value depending on the amount of goods and services purchased. Currently the Canadian dollar has dropped, which demonstrates how the Canadian government is doing a poor job improving the economy. The value of the Canadian dollar dropping causes inflation to occur, making too many Canadians save their money opposed to spending it. In chapter six it mentions that inflation is the real enemy of money (62). Therefore, in order to decrease inflation, spending money is essential. If Canadians do not spend their money, the increase of prices on goods and services will cause unemployment
D.R. (2011, August 10). The Economist. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from Canadaès Economy: Still Safe and Sound?: http://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2011/08/canadas-economy
Li, Peter S. "Economic Life." The Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2011. .
At present with more than 5% inflation rate, New Brunswick’s economy has been affected because the market price is unable to reflect the important information of the economy’s allocation of resources which is the overall pattern of production and consumption by firms and consumers. During times of inflation, market outcomes are not as efficient as they would be in the absence of inflation.
Children were economic assets to families in the 19th century since they could not only assist the parents, nonetheless payments used to support families. This changed in the early 20th centuries as the majority of Canadian children turned into economic liabilities to their families as the children’s time was quickly taken up by education.
In the 1970s and 1980s the Canadian economy was plagued by issues of inflation and unemployment, or stagflation, as it came to be known. It is generally believed the “severe years of surging inflation and unemployment were the result of the first (1973-1974) and second oil shocks (1979-1980), and the double digit inflation rates in many countries (though not all) that provoked the sense of crisis in these years were caused by the high price of energy, a major factor input” (LK, 2011). However, it is clear that inflation was already a problem in Canada prior to these oil shocks. What caused the inflation in the 1970s is of some debate; but it most likely resulted from the overly-expansionary monetary policies employed by the Bank of Canada;
# (Bernard 2015) Although lower gasoline and consumer prices should help lift purchasing power and sustain real household spending, it likely won’t be enough to counter the trend of easing growth in household spending in Canada. Soft employment growth, weak wage gains, the high level of household debt, easing real estate markets, and the threat of job losses in oil-rich provinces will combine to take some of the steam out of real consumer spending in 2015—even as overall inflation falls to just 1.2 per cent.
Canadian dollar is significantly dropping in price and Canadians are starting to become worried. It is down at 8.7% this year and is trading at $0.86US. It has sunk more than it has in three years and even the loonie has depreciated 1.8 percent to $1.2340 Canadian (CND) per U.S. dollar. The repercussions of this economic downfall are crucial to our economy. As a result of the Canadian dollar sinking, central banks are unexpectedly cutting interest rates, and the crude oil’s collapse will slowly inflate and permeate the economy. Canadian exporters and citizens with U.S. dollar investments gain from our collapse of the dollar. However, it will take a toll on Canadians with higher prices for a wide range of imported consumer products such
To begin, a brief history recap of the financial crises in 2008 will be given. Following that will be a breakdown of how the financial systems were set up in Canada and the U.S. We will then, in detail, discuss the Canadian and the U.S financial markets, in particular, the housing market and how each country was affected by the 2008 financial crisis. Lastly, we will proceed to evaluate the overwhelming differences between Canada and the U.S; from their core financial system to mortgages that allowed the Canadian market to remain excluded from the dire consequences of the US market recession, which followed shortly after the financial crisis.
The debate over implementing an unconditional basic income (UBI) in Canada is one currently being discussed and which splits political parties’ support. This paper will make the case that a guaranteed annual income would be beneficial for Canadian citizens, encouraging freedom of opportunity for every person, regardless of their financial status. In addition, it will look at how different ideological affiliations affect one’s opinion on the subject. The concept has been tried previously in Canada, namely in Dauphin, Manitoba in the late 1970s as an experiment aimed to observe the economic response of a negative income tax (Simpson, Mason, and Godwin 2017, 85). Recently, the announcement that Ontario will introduce a similar pilot